Definitions
What is the definition of exigence?
Exigence is the driving force, the catalyst, the spark that ignites the inspiration behind an argument.
Which irony is it when the audience already knows something a character does not?
Dramatic irony
The feeling of urgency to write a complaint letter after witnessing a bad accident at an unclearly marked intersection, is an example of what term from JRF?
Exigence
How does Macbeth initially feel about being given the title Thane of Cawdor?
1) He feels like he doesn't fit the title, like it's not rightfully his
2) He's shocked because he thinks the Thane of Cawdor is still alive
3) He's scared because of the truth the witches predicted
What is the difference between a simile and metaphor?
Simile - like or as
Metaphor - no like or as
Provide one word or short phrase definitions of ethos, pathos, and logos.
All three are appeals --- the appeal to credibility (ethos), the appeal to emotion (pathos), and the appeal to logic (logos).
What are the definitions of (1) situational irony and (2) verbal irony, complete with examples?
(1) Situational Irony - When a situation's outcome is completely different than the expectation. Examples will vary.
(2) Verbal Irony - When someone means the complete opposite of what he or she is saying, closely tied to sarcasm. Examples will vary.
Tom Hanks teaching an acting class is an example of which rhetorical device --- ethos, pathos, or logos?
Ethos; how?
How does the symbol of a snake come up multiple times within the play; referring to whom?
Lady Macbeth about Macbeth
Macbeth about Banquo and Fleance
What is a hyperbole?
An exaggeration for the sake of emphasis.
What are the four main types of purpose?
The four types of purpose are to inform, to call to action, to persuade, and to entertain.
What type of irony is it when...
(1) Lady Macbeth greets King Duncan and welcomes him warmly into her home.
(2) Macduff reveals he was a C-section baby
(1) Verbal irony; how?
(2) Situational irony; how?
Identify the rhetorical device examples below:
1) The ASPCA commercials using sappy music and heartbreaking photographs of abused animals
2) The ASPCA commercials using facts and statistics to prove the organization's message
1) Pathos; how?
2) Logos; how?
How does the relationship between Macbeth and King Duncan change within the play? (I mean, obviously it changes because of the murder but deeper than that...)
Answers will vary, it's important to note...
1) How he feels before the murder
2) How he feels after the murder
What is a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one?
Allegory
What is the definition of (1) soliloquy versus the definition of an (2) aside? Can you think of examples from Macbeth?
(1) Soliloquy - When a character speaks aloud his or her thoughts and inner turmoil (typically) alone onstage for the benefit of the audience to hear
(2) Aside - When a character talks briefly off to the side to him or herself or to another character for the benefit of the audience to hear while other characters cannot hear him or her
** Soliloquies are often longer and more speech-like while asides are briefer and more conspiratorial.
What type of irony is it when...
1) Lady Macbeth begins sleep walking and compulsively washing her hands
2) Hecate and the witches decide to stir up trouble and confuse Macbeth with hallucinations
1) Situational irony; how?
2) Dramatic irony; how?
How might a scientist use logos as a strategy to convince an audience that global warming is a problem that needs to be solved?
Answers will vary, but the possible answers could be...
A scientist would use facts, statistics, quotes, any tangible evidence when it comes to facts or figures to support his or her argument.
What are some key pieces of advice Lady Macbeth gives Macbeth early on in the play, especially after the murder of Duncan?
Answers will vary.
Referencing Hecate, Prince Edward, Tarquin, and real rivalries between countries in Macbeth are examples of what literary term?
Allusion - An expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference.
(1) What are the definitions of a phrase, dependent clause, and independent clause? (2) What are examples of each?
(1) A phrase is an incomplete thought (it cannot stand alone because it's missing a subject, verb, or both). A dependent clause (also known as a subordinate clause), may contain a subject and verb but cannot stand alone either because it's not a complete thought. An independent clause is a complete thought containing a subject and verb (and can stand alone).
(2) Answers may vary but for reference...phrase (well at night), dependent clause (although the rain was loud on the roof), independent clause (he slept well at night). Together (Although the rain loud on the rook, he slept well at night).
What type of irony is it when...
1) Ross delivers the news to Macduff about the death of his family and tells him they are "at peace"
2) When Macbeth converses with Banquo's ghost during the feast with the other noblemen
1) Dramatic irony; how?
2) Dramatic irony; how?
How could a lawyer use ethos in a closing argument of a court case?
Answers will vary, but the possible answers could be...
A lawyer would use legal jargon, reference previous parts of the case, discuss his or her experience with cases like this or how long he or she has been practicing, etc.
How would you summarize the setting / exposition, rising action, conflict, turning point, falling action, resolution of Macbeth.
Answers will vary slightly, but it could sound something like...
Exposition - The culmination of a battle
Rising Action - Witches' prophecy, Lady Macbeth's pressure to commit the murder (Acts 1-2)
Climax / Turning Point - The murder of Duncan (Act 2), because of the the murder of Duncan, Macbeth keeps plotting and killing and being driven mad (Act 3)
Falling Action - Because of Macbeth's madness, key players start plotting against him and waging war, leading up to the final battle (Acts 3-4)
Resolution - Macbeth is executed, a brighter future awaits Scotland (Act 5)
What is juxtaposition, and can you provide an example of this literary term?
Two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.
Examples - A black outfit put up against a white background, clean and clear water washing up on the shore of a garbage dump