Quarter 2 Review

Heat Transfer

Currents

Weather

Sun's Heat

Models

100

Which of the following is the best description of radiation?

A. the process by which a liquid is converted to its vapor phase by heating the liquid

B. the transmission of heat through a medium without the motion of the medium

C. heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one region to another

D. the emission of energy in the form of rays or waves

100

Water is cooler near the poles and warmer near the equator. Movement of cooler and warmer water from these regions moderates the global climate. Which of the following describes the movement of water between the poles and the equator?

A. evaporation

B. gravity

C. ocean currents

D. tides

C. ocean currents

100

The pattern of _______ in an area over a long period of time is called _______.

A. climate, weather

B. weather, rain

C. climate, temperature

D. weather, climate

100

Solar energy received by the Earth's surface causes the Earth's surface to heat up during the day. Which of the following heat transfer mechanisms is the main cause of the surface gaining heat?

A. advection

B. convection

C. conduction

D. radiation

100

Mr. Stein uses a model because

A. the real molecule is too small to easily observe.

B. the model makes it more difficult to understand the molecule's shape.

C. the real molecule doesn't actually have a shape.

D. the bonds between the atoms in the real molecule are too strong.

A. the real molecule is too small to easily observe.

200

Which of the following is the best description of conduction?

A. the process of changing from a gas to a liquid or from a liquid to a gas

B. heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one region to another

C. the emission of energy in the form of rays or waves that can travel through empty space

D. The transfer of heat through touch.

200

The Gulf Stream passes from the Gulf of Mexico, northward along the coast of eastern North America, and eastward toward Ireland, the United Kingdom, and Scandinavia. Without the Gulf Stream, these regions would be colder than they are. How does the Gulf Stream keep these regions warm?

A. It brings warm water, which heats the overlying air.

B. It absorbs cold temperatures from the land.

C. It encourages evaporation, which makes the land dry and warm.

D. It washes floating ice sheets away from the coasts.

A. It brings warm water, which heats the overlying air.

200

Each day, changes take place in the atmosphere. All these frequent changes are called _______.

A. rain

B. climate

C. wind

D. weather

200

During the day, when the Sun is shining, the ground gets warm mainly as a result of...

A. convection currents in the atmosphere heating the ground.

B. the emission of greenhouse gases from factories and vehicles.

C. radiated heat from the Sun being absorbed by the ground.

D. heat from Earth's core being conducted to Earth's surface

C. radiated heat from the Sun being absorbed by the ground.

200

There are many different types of scientific investigations, including controlled experiments, observational field studies, the collection of specimens, and model-building. Which type of investigation is best used to study global weather patterns?

A. observational field studies

B. controlled experiments

C. the collection of specimens

D. model-building

300

Convection currents, resulting from uneven heating of the Earth's surface, cause _______ to form.

A. wind

B. volcanoes

C. mountains

D. fossils

A. wind

300

The California current is an ocean current that moves cold water from the north along the west coast of the United States. The main effect of this current is to make the climate of the west coast .

A. dryer

B. warmer

C. wetter

D. cooler

300

Water in the atmosphere typically returns to the surface of the Earth through the formation of clouds and precipitation. This means that the cycling of water from the atmosphere to the hydrosphere would be most likely to cause

A. rainy weather.

B. dry weather.

C. cold weather.

D. hot weather.

A. rainy weather.

300

When sunlight strikes the ground it warms the ground and the air near it. The warm air near the ground then rises as it expands. What does this process typically result in on the ground?

A. Cool air rushes in to replace the rising warm air.

B. Clouds push the warm air back to the ground.

C. Freezing conditions near the ground generate a high pressure system.

D. Floodwater rushes in to cool the hot surface.

A. Cool air rushes in to replace the rising warm air.

300

Models can be helpful in scientific investigations because

A. it may not be possible to work with the real thing.

B. they can be smaller and more manageable than the real thing.

C. they can be safer to work with than the real thing.

D. all of the above

400

The atmosphere is heated both by the Sun and by the Earth's surface. Water radiates heat differently than land, so the air temperature over the ocean is usually different than the air temperature over land.

The difference in air temperature over land compared to over water causes convection currents in the atmosphere. How would a person at the beach experience these convection currents?

A. They would feel that the sand is hot.

B. They would feel wind as the air moves.

C. They would feel the heat of the Sun.

D. They would feel that the water is cold.

B. They would feel wind as the air moves.

400

The Sun heats Earth's atmosphere unevenly. This causes convection currents to move in large circles in the atmosphere.

What is the result of convection currents in the atmosphere?

A. wind

B. UV radiation

C. humidity

D. ozone layer

A. wind

400

Areas of the Earth near the equator receive large amounts of solar energy. How does this lead to increased rainfall?

A. The solar energy provides the energy for water to evaporate.

B. The solar energy allows plants to complete photosynthesis reactions.

C. The solar energy heats the air, which causes water vapor to condense.

D. The solar energy creates wind, which pushes clouds from the poles to the equator.

A. The solar energy provides the energy for water to evaporate.

400

The atmosphere flows in large convection currents.
What happens during atmospheric convection?

A. Cool air rises, and warm air sinks.

B. Cool air circles pockets of warm air.

C. Warm air circles pockets of cool air.

D. Warm air rises, and cool air sinks.

400

Explain one way models are used while discussing weather.

- Weather maps

- Models of cold and warm fronts

- Pictures of weather systems

- Global climate patterns

- Wind maps and models

- Global ocean current models

500

Select all the correct answers.

Some areas of the Earth receive more solar radiation than others. Which of the following results from the Sun's uneven heating of the Earth?

A. ocean currents

B. mountain height

C. climate

D. weather

A. ocean currents

C. climate

D. weather

500

At night in coastal regions, land breezes often develop. Which of these best explains why they develop?

A. The land heats up more slowly than the ocean.

B. The land cools down more slowly than the ocean.

C. land heats up more quickly than the ocean.

D. The land cools down more quickly than the ocean.

500

A jet stream is a belt of wind in the upper atmosphere that blows around the Earth from west to east.

How is the jet stream related to the wind direction on the ground?

A. When the jet stream blows from the west, the wind on the ground blows from the west.

B. When the jet stream moves south, it moves its associated weather front, which causes winds from the north.

C. It can move air from the upper atmosphere to the lower atmosphere to bring circular winds.

D. It can slow down or speed up, causing wind on the ground to blow north or south.

B. When the jet stream moves south, it moves its associated weather front, which causes winds from the north.

500

Part of the Sun's energy that reaches the Earth's surface is absorbed by land and water as heat. The Earth's surface then releases heat back to the atmosphere.

Which of the following is true about this solar energy that is absorbed and released by Earth's surface as heat?

A. Much of the heat is trapped low in the atmosphere and is a major factor in determining Earth's climate.

B. All of this heat escapes the Earth's atmosphere, which keeps the planet hot.

C. Much of the heat is trapped at the top of Earth's atmosphere to protect Earth from ultraviolet radiation.

D. All of this heat escapes the Earth's atmosphere, which keeps the planet cool.

A. Much of the heat is trapped low in the atmosphere and is a major factor in determining Earth's climate.

500

Dr. Ray has developed a new way to remove oil from wetlands in the event of an oil spill. To test his new process, Dr. Ray builds a scale model of a wetland in his lab and pours a small amount of oil into it. He then observes the rate at which his process is able to remove the oil from the model.

Why did Dr. Ray use a model?

A. Because real wetlands are too large to be affected by oil.

B. Because real wetlands are too complicated for his process to work.

C. Because his model makes the process more complicated.

D. Because dumping oil in a real wetland would be dangerous.