Cell Cycle
Organelles
DNA
Central Dogma
Mutations
100
The 3 steps of of Interphase
G1, S, G2
100
The brain of cell.
Nucleus
100
Organize these from least to greatest... chromosomes, cell, DNA, nucleotide, nucleus
What is...
nucleotide, DNA, Chromosome, Nucleus, Cell
100
The definition of mRNA?
A disposable copy of the DNA
100
The definition of a Mutation.
Any change in the DNA sequence
200
The 3 main purposes of Interphase
Cell Grows, Functions, and Replicates DNA
200
Describe the Vacuole
Stores food, water, and other materials for the cell
200
2 differences between DNA and RNA
Single vs Double
Ribose vs Deoxyribose
U vs T
Leaves Nucleus vs Stays
200
Describe Transcription and Translation
Transcription- the cell makes a disposable copy of the DNA for a specific protein
Translation- the ribosome reads the mRNA and uses tRNA to build a functional protein
200
A mutation that does not change the sequence of amino acids.
A silent mutation
300
Describe G1, S, and G2
G1: The cell grows, functions, and prepares for Replication
S: The cell replicates its DNA
G2: The cell continues to grow, function, double check the DNA, and prepare for Cell Division
300
Why are vesicles made of phospholipids?
Vesicles are made of phospholipids so that when they are delivering materials around the cell they can easily join with any of the other organelles via endocytosis or exocytosis.
300
If DNA has 15% Cytosine, how much Adenine does it have?
C-G= 30% which means...
A=35%
300
The 3 locations in the Ribosome and what they do.
A site- tRNA attaches to the mRNA using comp. bases
P site- tRNA releases its amino acid and the ribosome bonds them together to make a protein
E site- tRNA exits the ribosome
300
Explain the difference between a point, a frameshift, and a chromosomal mutation.
Point- A change to a single nucleotide
Frameshift- A change that shifts all the bases
Chromosomal- A change to the chromosome
(1 base, 1 protein, many proteins)
400
Write 3 similarities and 3 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Similar: Cell Membrane, Ribosomes, Genetic Material, Cytoplasm
Differences: Eukaryotes (Nucleus, Organelles, More Complex DNA structure, larger)
400
What are 3 organelles unique to plants
Cell Wall
Large Vacuole
Chloroplasts
400
Give 3 reasons why DNA uses Transcription instead of Replication when making proteins.
1. Proteins only need a small section of the DNA, not the whole thing.
2. DNA cannot leave the Nucleus (therefore an exact copy couldn't leave)
3. mRNA is a disposable copy of the DNA (it can leave the Nucleus)
4. A whole copy would take too much time and resources for one protein.
400
The DNA sequence is TACGGACCCACT
What is the order of amino acids?
Start-Pro-Gly-Stop
400
List 4 possible things that could be a Mutagen?
X-Rays, UV, Nuclear, Chemicals (asbestos, lead paint, formaldahyde), Temperatures, Viruses
500
Draw a picture of the Cell Cycle
(G1,S,G2,Mitosis,Interphase, Cell Division)
500
Explain how a Cell is similar to a City
Compare the operation of a City to the Operation of a Cell.
Compare Organelles to parts of a City
500
Why does the DNA pair A-T and G-C and why does it use hydrogen bonds?
The bases pair with each other because they are complementary. A perfectly fits with T and G perfectly fits with C like a puzzle piece. They easily form hydrogen bonds together which makes it easier to unzip and zip the DNA during the process of replication and transcription. If they used stronger bonds it would require more energy and take more time to do these processes.
500
What are the 3 parts and 3 processes associated with the Central Dogma
DNA -> RNA -> Proteins
Replication -> Transcriptions -> Translation
500
Are mutations a bad thing? Why or Why not?
Mutations are not always a bad thing. More times than not they will result in the DNA code being changed so that the protein cannot be used. This will cause big problems for the living organism. However, very rarely there may be a change that causes a beneficial adaptations to occur in the living organism.