DNA
DNA stands for...
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
How is Natural selection is influenced by mutations and genetics?
Mutations causes the possibility of new traits that may be advantageous to new offspring which will cause the new populations to have this new trait
How are traits passed on to offspring
Reproduction
If a trait shows up in an organism it is considered to be a gene that is _____________________
Expressed
What is the function of red blood cells?
Carry oxygen
What would be the matching base pairs to the following
TAA CCC GCA
ATT GGG CGT
What molecules and organelles are required to make a protein?
Nucleus, DNA, mRNA, tRNA and ribosome
Why is meiosis necessary?
Reduces chromosome number to half so after fertilization the chromosome number is restored
True or False:
A mutation can lead to a new protein being formed which will change the structure and function of that protein
True
A section of a chromosome is called a ______
Gene (allele)
A change in the DNA bases is called a ......
Mutation
Transcribe the following DNA
CGA TTG ATT
GCU AAC UAA
What is Methylated DNA and how does it affect gene expression?
Caused by environmental factors, usually causes a trait (protein) to not be expressed
Is the following the claim correct?
All mutations cause disadvantageous traits to be expressed and they always cause different proteins to be formed
Not correct:
Sometimes mutations lead to advantageous trait
Some mutations do not affect the protein being made
True or False:
Mutations are caused only by replication mistakes
False
Also caused by environmental factors
True or False: The DNA molecule provides the instructions for making proteins which leads to traits
True
Translate the following DNA into Amino Acids
TAC GGC TTT ATT
mRNA: AUG CCG AAA UAA
Amino Acids: MET PRO THR STOP
What do enzymes do? And how do they work? Enzymes are made of?
Speed up reactions
Fit together with their substrate
Proteins
Siamese cats have dark paws, ears and tails due to cooler temperatures. This is an example of
Epigenetics (environment influencing gene expression)
The concept that gene expression can be affected by environmental factors is known as....
Epigenetics
Why is Methylated DNA is not a mutation?
DNA sequence is not changed
People with sickle cell have an abnormality with the shape of their ______ blood cells which also causes the protein known as ________________ to have a abnormal shape
Red, Hemoglobin
Will Lactase work on Sucrose? How do we know when an enzyme like Lactase is working?
No, different shape
You will get glucose after lactase has broken apart lactose which is made of Galactose and Glucose
True or False
All identical twins are identical in all traits
False
Epigentics and environmental factors may influence the DNA of one twin and not the other
Why is digestion an essential function of living organisms?
Breaks down large molecules into small ones ion order to be passed (diffused) into the blood stream