Westward Expansion Vocab
Define Emancipation and Advocate
Emancipation - The act of setting someone free from restrictions or oppression, especially from slavery. In U.S. history, the Emancipation Proclamation, issued by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863, declared the freedom of enslaved people in Confederate states.
Advocate - a person who publicly supports or defends a cause or individual.
What was the name of the trail that the Cherokee Nation followed after being removed from their ancestral homeland in Georgia?
Trail of Tears
Define Urban and Supreme
Urban - Describes areas that are crowded with buildings, roads, and people, like cities or large towns. Urban places usually have lots of businesses, public transportation, and different types of jobs.
Supreme - Means the highest in power, rank, or authority. For example, the Supreme Court is the most powerful court in the United States—it makes the final decisions on important legal cases.
What was the purpose of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
(Pirate Jeopardy --or triple points)
Kansas-Nebraska Act: People in each state would decide the slavery issue (“popular sovereignty”)
During the Civil War, who was the President of the United States?
Who was the President of the Confederate States?
Abraham Lincoln
Jefferson Davis
Define Industrialization and Inventor
Industrialization - The process where a country or region shifts from using mostly handmade products to using machines to produce goods in factories.
Inventor - A person who creates or designs something new, usually a machine, tool, or process, that has never been made before.
Who invented the Cotton Gin? What was it's purpose? What was the consequence?
Eli Whitney
To separate cotton fibers from the seeds
It increased the demand for slavery
Define Confederacy and Secede
Confederacy - The group of southern states that broke away from the United States during the Civil War. They formed their own government, called the Confederate States of America, because they wanted to keep slavery and have more control over their own laws.
Secede - Means to officially leave or break away from a group or country. In U.S. history, several southern states seceded from the Union because they didn’t agree with the federal government, especially about slavery.
What were the Constitutional issues between the North and the South?
– A major conflict was states’ rights versus strong central government.
– Slavery was the principal states’ rights issue leading to the Civil War
What event is known for being the start of the American Civil War?
Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina, marking the beginning of the Civil War.
Define Migration and Annex
Migration - The movement of people from one place to another, often because they are searching for better jobs, food, safety, or climate. For example, many people moved west in the United States during the 1800s.
Annex - To take control of land or a region and make it part of a country. In U.S. history, Texas was annexed in 1845, meaning it became a part of the United States.
The annexation of the 28th state to the United States kicked off which war?
This war was ultimately ended with the signing of what treaty?
The Mexican-American War
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Define Abolition and Discriminated
(Pirate Jeopardy --or triple points)
Abolition - The act of ending something, especially a system or practice. In U.S. history, abolition usually refers to the movement to end slavery. People who wanted to stop slavery were called abolitionists.
Discriminated - Treated someone unfairly because of their race, gender, religion, or other differences. In U.S. history, Black Americans and other groups were often discriminated against in jobs, schools, and public places.
What was the purpose of the Missouri Compromise?
Missouri Compromise (1820): Missouri entered the Union as a slave state; Maine entered the Union as a free state.
Which Civil War battle was fought for control of the Mississippi River? (Union Victory)
The Battle of Vicksburg in southern Mississippi divided the South; the North controlled the Mississippi River.
Define Abolitionists and Suffrage
(Pirate Jeopardy --or triple points)
Abolitionists - Individuals who actively campaigned for the end of slavery. Abolitionists were key figures in the movement to free enslaved people in the United States during the 18th and 19th centuries, advocating for equality and freedom.
Suffrage - The right to vote in elections. Suffrage is often discussed in the context of movements advocating for voting rights for historically marginalized groups, including women, African Americans, and others.
What was the name of the treaty that created joint occupancy between the United States and Great Britain inside of the Oregon Country?
What was the name of the treaty that ended this joint occupation and created a solid border on the parallel?
The Treaty of 1818
The Treaty of Oregon
Define Topography and Blockade
Topography - The shape and features of the land, like hills, mountains, rivers, and valleys. Topography can affect things like travel, farming, and even battles during a war.
Blockade - A military strategy where ships or soldiers stop people and supplies from getting in or out of an area. During the Civil War, the Union used blockades to cut off the South from trade and resources.
Slavery
− Southerners felt that the abolition of slavery would destroy their region’s economy.
− Northerners believed that slavery should be abolished for moral reasons.
How did location and topography impact the Civil War?
(Think how it impacted battles, locations, tactics, battle objectives)
• The Union blockade of southern ports (e.g., Savannah, Charleston, New Orleans)
• Control of the Mississippi River (e.g., Vicksburg)
• Battle locations influenced by the struggle to capture capital cities (e.g., Richmond; Washington, D.C.)
• Control of the high ground (e.g., Gettysburg)
Define Manifest Destiny and Clash
Manifest Destiny - A belief held by many Americans in the 1800s that it was their God-given right to expand across North America, from the east coast to the west coast, and take control of more land.
Clash - When two or more groups or people have a strong disagreement or fight over something. For example, settlers and Native Americans often clashed over land.
Which President made the Louisiana Purchase?
What was the name of the expedition that he commissioned?
What was the name of the female translator on the expedition?
What river was key during this expedition?
(Pirate Jeopardy --or triple points)
Thomas Jefferson
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Sacagawea
Missouri River
Define Popular Sovereignty and Fugitive
Popular Sovereignty - This was the idea that people living in new U.S. territories could vote on whether or not to allow slavery. It tried to let people decide for themselves, but it caused a lot of conflict, especially in places like Kansas (which led to "Bleeding Kansas").
Fugitive - A person who is running away or hiding to avoid being caught, usually because they broke a law or escaped from something, like prison. In American history, the word was often used for enslaved people who escaped and were trying to reach freedom.
What was the purpose of the Compromise of 1850?
Compromise of l850:
o California entered the Union as a free state.
o Southwest territories would decide the slavery issue for themselves.
o The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was passed.
o The slave trade was banned in Washington, D.C.
Place the following events of the Civil War in order.
• Battle of Vicksburg
• Battle of Gettysburg
• Lees surrenders to Grant at the Appomattox Court House
• signing of the Emancipation Proclamation
• The firing on Fort Sumter
• The first Battle of Manassas
(Pirate Jeopardy --or triple points)
• The firing on Fort Sumter, S.C., began the war.
• The first Battle of Manassas (Bull Run) (also known as the Battle of First Manassas) in northern Virginia was the first major battle.
• The signing of the Emancipation Proclamation made “freeing the slaves” the new focus of the war.
− Many freed African Americans joined the Union army.
• The Battle of Vicksburg in southern Mississippi divided the South; the North controlled the Mississippi River.
• The Battle of Gettysburg in southern Pennsylvania was the turning point of the war; the North repelled Lee’s invasion.
Lee’s surrender to Grant at Appomattox Court House in 1865 ended the war.