Chapter 1
What is a model of a design that is used for testing?
Prototype.
What are deposits of sand, mineral fragments, or organic material usually left behind by wind or water called? DOUBLE POINTS
sediments
What is the ratio of the mass of any volume of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water?
Specific gravity
What are lab-created gemstones that are identical to their natural counterparts in appearance and chemical content?
Synthetic gemstones
Who in this room has read or is reading the book "Jackie Robinson"
Jace and Jeremy
What is the factor that is observed to determine the results of the experiment?
Dependent variable.
What type of mountains are formed when molten rock erupts from a hole in the earth’s crust?
Volcanic mountains
What are the three steps of metallurgy?
Extraction, refining, shaping
What is the hardest rock rated a 10 on the Mohs scale of hardness
A diamond
What is the way light is reflected from the surface of a mineral called?
Luster
In deductive reasoning, a statement of fact is called what?
Proposition
What type of construction is where the building rests on isolators that act as moveable stilts and absorb the seismic energy of an earthquake?
Base-isolated system
What is the main difference between Obsidian and Pumice?
Pumice has little air bubbles in it
What is a reddish orange metal that is a good conductor of electricity?
copper
What soil bacteria converts nitrogen into ammonia nitrates and other nitrogen compounds?
Nitrogen fixing bacteria.
What is the ability of others to reach the same conclusion by performing the experiment themselves under different conditions and by performing other experiments to test the same hypothesis?
Reproducibility
What scale is used to measure the explosiveness of a volcano’s eruptions?
Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI)
What happens when rocks are baked by contact with hot magma?
Contact metamorphism
What is lab-created gemstone that look like a natural gemstone but have different chemical and physical properties?
Simulant gemstones
What is rock that consists of smooth pebbles embedded in hardened sand or clay?
Conglomerate rock
DOUBLE POINTS! What are the steps to the engineering design process?
1. State the problem to be solved. 2. Determine the criteria and constraints of the problem. 3. Research and develop possible solutions to the problem. 4. Choose a design and make a detailed plan. 5. Build and test a prototype. 6. Analyze the prototype and improve the design.
How do seismologists figure out the origin of an earthquake?
By measuring the difference between when the P waves and the S waves arrive at three different seismograph stations.
What kind of limestone formed from chemical sediments that precipitate from seawater and settle on the ocean floor?
Oolitic limestone
What process for creating synthetic gemstones involves dropping powered chemicals into a flame and then they land on a seed crystal?
Flame fusion process
When heat, pressure, and chemical action fuse sediment layers together into rocks, they form what type of rock?
Sedimentary rock