Martin Luther
What did Martin Luther post in 1517 to protest Church practices?
The 95 Theses
What meeting did the Church call to respond to the Reformation?
The Council of Trent
What new art style did the Church use to inspire people?
Baroque art and architecture
What does “rationalism” mean?
Belief that human reason is the main source of truth.
What nickname did the Enlightenment give the Middle Ages?
The “Dark Ages.”
What did Johann Tetzel sell that upset Luther?
Indulgences
What Bible version did the council declare official?
The Latin Vulgate.
Who promoted devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus?
St. Margaret Mary Alacoque
Who said, “I think, therefore I am”?
René Descartes
Who wrote The Social Contract?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
What does sola scriptura mean?
Scripture alone is the source of Christian teaching
Did the council teach that salvation is by faith alone, or faith and good works?
Faith and good works
What order did St. Ignatius of Loyola start?
The Jesuits
What is Deism’s view of God?
God created the world but does not intervene.
What did Voltaire think about Christianity?
He criticized it and mocked the Church.
How did Pope Leo X respond to Luther’s ideas?
He excommunicated Luther
Name one rule the council made for priests
Priests must get proper training in seminaries (or: no more abuses like absentee bishops)
What did St. Vincent de Paul do for the poor?
Served them and started charities.
Why did the Church first reject Galileo’s science?
His teaching seemed to go against Scripture.
How did the Church say faith and reason should work together?
Both come from God and should support each other.
What agreement let princes choose Catholicism or Lutheranism in their lands?
The Peace of Augsburg
Why is Trent called the start of the “Catholic Reformation”?
It reformed abuses and clarified Catholic teaching against Protestant ideas.
How did Catholic churches look different from Protestant ones?
Catholic churches were decorated and grand; Protestant ones were plain.
How did the Church later respond to Galileo’s case?
The Church admitted it was wrong and cleared his name.
How did Enlightenment ideas help cause the French Revolution?
They encouraged people to reject Church authority and demand freedom.