Study of Child Development
Human nature, origins of adult behavior, individual differences, prevention and treatment, optimize conditions of development
Why do we study child development?
Early experiences matter, the unconscious, psychosexual stages
What is Freud's theory?
Growth sequence that starts from top to bottom, learning to throw before kicking
What is a cephalocaudal pattern?
Constructs and understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences
What is the sensorimotor stage?
Tasks that are too difficult for children alone but that can be achieved with guidance, setting upper limits
What is the zone of proximal development?
Children who develop confidence in their abilities despite serious obstacles.
What is resilience?
Trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, identity vs. role confusion, who theory am I?
What is psychosocial development?
A nerve cell that processes information
What is a neuron?
Charlie is two years old and daddy drops him off at daycare. Although daddy is gone, Charlie knows he will be back and is still there
What is object permanence?
Changing the level of support over the course of a teaching session
What is scaffolding?
Patterns of change that occur throughout life is shaped by three processes
What is cognitive, biological and socioemotional development?
Development is a result of social and cultural interactions, zone of proximal development
What is Vygotsky's sociocultural cognitive development theory?
These psychologists believe that growth and change is life long processes
What is a developmental psychologist?
Kane has abstract thinking, hypotheticaldeductive reasoning, the ability to solve problems
What is the formal operational stage?
Children use this for better selfregulation
What is private speech?
A group of people born at the same time, same generation
What is a cohort?
Conditioned and learned responses
What is classical conditioning?
This group tends to be more dissatisfied with their bodies
What is an adolescent girl?
Heightened selfconsciousness of adolescents
What is adolescent egocentrism?
According to Vygotsky, this skill develops and has a major role in cognitive development
What is language?
A process where people pass through stages of life that are qualitatively different from each other
What is discontinuity?
In ecological theory, the child lives and grows in this environment
What is the microsystem?
The specialization of function in one hemisphere
What is lateralization?
Actions or mental representations that organize knowledge
What are schemes?
Key processes in Vygotsky's theory
What is ZPD, language, dialogue, and tools of the culture?