Journalism
Who said: "Journalism's first obligation is to the truth"?
Kovach and Rosenstiel (2014)
What innovation helped democratize access to news and shift reporting toward objectivity?
The penny press
According to McChesney (1999), what term describes a market dominated by a small number of large companies?
Oligopoly
Swensen and Schmidt (2009) argue that "as long as newspapers remain for-profit enterprises, they will find no refuge from their financial problems" (p.2). What solution do the authors propose?
Turn them into nonprofit endowed institutions - like colleges and universities.
President Trump recently revoked the White House access of these three news outlets.
CNN, MS NOW, and Politico
Democratic; authoritarian
According to Schudson (1978), what became an increasingly important source of revenue for penny press newspapers?
Advertising
Bollinger (2010) proposes creating an American World Service to compete with international broadcasters like the BBC. How does he propose funding this initiative?
Through expanded public funding for journalism
According to McChesney (1999), media concentration was originally in the form of ______, where a handful of firms tried to control as much production in their particular field as possible.
Horizontal integration
Dunaway and Graber discuss how government regulation affects media through this body, which sets rules for broadcast content and ownership limits.
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
According to Dunaway and Graber what four major societal functions does the mass media perform?
Surveillance, interpretation, socialization, and manipulation of politics (adversarial watchdog)
According to Hayes and Lawless (2021), what is a "news hole"
The amount of space for editorial content once advertising has been placed.
According to Dunaway and Graber (ch. 2) this type of ownership refers to individuals or corporations that own media enterprises along with other types of businesses.
conglomerates
(e.g., Walt Disney: owns film studios (Pixar, Marvel), TV networks (ABC), and streaming services (Disney+, Hulu), alongside its global theme park.
Contemporary media outlets seek ________, which involves not only producing content but also owning its distribution.
Vertical integration
_______ is described as "the behavior of allowing political beliefs to dictate media choices," according to Dunaway and Graber ch. 4.
Partisan selective exposure
Jonathan Ladd's Why Americans Hate the Media suggests that distrust in the media correlates with the rise of this type of reporting.
According to Ladd (2012) what early political event transformed colonial newspapers into tools of political mobilization?
The American Revolution
According to McChesney (1999), the first major law for U.S. broadcasting was the _____________.
Communications Act of 1934
Under Swensen and Schmidt's (2009) proposed nonprofit/endowment model, what political activity would newspapers have to give up to qualify for 501(c)(3) tax-exempt status?
Endorsing political candidates
What percent of funding does the BBC get from household license fees?
65%
_______ is the guide of foundational principles designed to encourage accuracy, fairness, and integrity in journalism.
The Society of Professional Journalists (SPJ) Code of Ethics
Which newspaper founded by Benjamin Day in 1833 is identified as the first successful American penny paper? (Schudson 1978)
The New York Sun
According to McChesney (1999), what journalistic activity is particularly vulnerable to corporate ownership and commercial pressures because it may expose wrongdoing by powerful business interests?
Investigative journalism
McChesney (1999), Swensen and Schmidt (2009), and Bollinger (2010) all question the ability of commercial media markets to adequately support journalism. What solution does McChesney advocate for that is not central to the other two authors' proposals?
Breaking up media conglomerates through stronger antitrust enforcement
Who said: "...and were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter."
Thomas Jefferson