Properties of Water
How does water bond and what can it bond with?
Hydrogen Bonds
- other water molecules
- other polar or charged molecules
Nucleus (containing protons and neutrons) with electron orbitals
What are the elements of life and why are they important?
CHON
critical to maintaining homeostasis
Electronegativity- how strongly atoms attract to bonding electrons
Electropositivity- ability to donate electrons and form positive ions
Four main types of biomolecules
Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
What is cohesion vs adhesion?
Cohesion- attracted to and hydrogen bond with other WATER molecules
Adhesion- attracted to and hydrogen bond with other POLAR or CHARGED molecules
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Which element: Carbon, Phosphorus, or Nitrogen,can you live without?
None
What are the electronegative atoms you need to know in order of most to least electronegative?
Flourine, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Monomer vs Polymer?
individual subunit vs many monomers covalent bonded together
What is surface tension and how does it effect the hydrogen bonds?
Cohesion of water molecules at the surface of a body of water - strengthens the hydrogen bonds
How are the different amounts of energy determined?
Farther away= higher energy level orbital
Closer to the nucleus= lower energy level orbital
Why is carbon important and where does it come from?
Fixed from the atmosphere by plants in photosynthesis
Used to produce every biomolecule
What are covalent vs ionic bonds?
Covalent- share electrons
ionic- transfer valence electrons
Why is carbon used for bonding?
4 valence electrons- always forms 4 covalent bonds
more available structure= more available forms
What is the term that means that water resists temperature change well?
High Specific Heat Capacity
What does it mean when an atom is neutral?
# electrons = # protons
What biomolecule is nitrogen used for?
Proteins and Nucleic Acids
When does a polar molecule occur?
When there is unequal sharing of electrons in a covalent bond
electronegative bonds to electropositive or small element
Catabolism vs Anabolism?
Catabolic- break down polymers to help generate ATP energy
Anabolic- help build up monomers for energy storage
What are the five properties of water?
Polarity ,Cohesion/Adhesion, Surface Tension, Resists Temp. Change, Solvent
What are cations vs anions
cations- more protons
anions- more electrons
What is phosphorus used for?
Nucleic Acids
What does the structure, shape, and chemical properties of a molecule determine?
The function of the molecule
Dehydration Synthesis vs Hydrolysis?
Dehydration- removal of water to make a bond- water is formed
Hydrolysis- uses water to break the bond between monomers