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Evolution
Genetic Drift
Hardy-Weinberg
Natural Selection
Population genetics
100
A change in allele frequencies over time
What is Evolution
100
occurs when evolutionary change in a population occurs randomly, i.e. individuals with a particular character are not selected
What is Genetic Drift
100
frequency of dominant alleles in total alleles
What is p=F(A)
100
differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype
What is natural selection
100
a unit of heredity information that consists of a specific nucleotide sequence
What is gene
200
Change in allele and genotype frequencies of a local population (same species) from generation to generation.
What is microevolution
200
occurs when a large number of individuals of a population are killed (ex. storm or drought)
What is Bottleneck effect
200
frequency of recessive allele in total alleles
What is q or f(a)
200
relative capacity to produce offspring compared to members of the same species
What is Fitness
200
an alternative form of a gene
What is allele
300
Divergence of organisms at the genus level and higher
What is macroevolution
300
Occurs when a subset of the population reaches some new habitat (usually isolated from the original population). The "founding population" is the basis for the new gene pool.
What is Founder Effect
300
frequency of homozygous recessive genotype within a population
What is q2=F(aa)
300
ability to survive in an environment
What is survivability
300
combination of two alleles when a zygote gets one from each parent
What is a genotype
400
a null model against we can test whether evolution is occurring
What is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
400
A population of elephant seals is severely reduced due to hunting which results in a decrease in genetic variation
What is Bottleneck effect
400
In a population of 300 cats, you count 140 tabby (dark striped) cats. Tabby is the dominant coat pattern. The only other coat type is light grey. Calculate: F(a) F(aa) F(AA) F(Aa) Number of AA cats in population
300-140=160 light grey cats 160/300=.53=q2 square root of .53= .73 =q 1-.73=.27=p F(A)or p =.27 F(a) or q=.73 F(aa) or q2=.53 F(AA) or p2= 0.07 F(Aa) or 2pq=.39 Number of AA cats: 0.07 X total pop 300= 21 cats
400
Darwin also called this "decent with modification"
What is Evolution
400
an dominant genetic disease that causes muscle degeneration and decreased cognitive ability
What is Huntington's Disease
500
4 ways of evolution
What is mutation, random events, movement, natural selection
500
A small group of leucistic deer from the original population inhabits a new area in an isolated army facility
What is founder effect
500
In a population of 150 hummingbirds, 25 are homozygous dominant (AA), 75 are heterozygous (Aa), and 50 are homozygous recessive (aa). What is the frequency of the dominant allele F(A)? What is the frequency of the recessive allele F(a)?
2(# of AA ind) + (# of Aa ind)/ total number of alleles = F(A) (2(25) + (75))/300 alleles= .41= F(A) 1-.41=.59=p or F(a)
500
natural selection acts on the....
What is the phenotype of the individual
500
5 assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg
What is infinite population, no migration, no mutation, random mating, no natural selection