Vocabulary
You can borrow my car, but if you ______________ it, I'll never talk to you again.
damage
harm
damage
We usually use the word "damage" when referring to objects.
The woman which works here is from Japan.
Incorrect
The woman who works here is from Japan.
(who/ which) are relative pronouns that introduces a sentence that describes noun or a pronoun.
( who) is used for people ( which) is for things and animals
I plan to be ______ candidate for ______ Parliament at ________ next election.
a / the / the
The indefinite article "a" indicates that a noun refers to a general idea rather than a particular thing.
The definite article "the" is used to specify a noun to a certain event.
Her English ______________ (improve) quickly before her promotion.
was improving.
We use the continuous tense (present/ past) with verbs which shows change or growth.
Ex: My English is improving / The children were growing up quickly
Research
Uncountable.
Singular: a piece of research
Plural: a lot of research, a huge amount of research
The vote was ____________ to cut work hours on Fridays.
Unanimous
Consensus
Protected
Unanimous
Unanimous: in complete agreement; united in opinion
The plane arrives at 8 pm.
Correct
We usually use the present simple with scheduled times. Even if it will happen in the future.
Note: The future tense use is also correct but native speakers usually use the present simple.
There is going to be ___ fog and ____ bad weather for most of next week.
No Article
"fog" and "weather" are uncountable nouns.
We do not use an "article" for common uncountable nouns.
There’s only one minute left in the match. Our team ___________ (win).
is going to /is not going to.
We use the present continuous for planned actions in the future and if there’s evidence or a sign that something is happening in the future.
Experience
Countable and uncountable
Experience can be used as both a countable and uncountable noun depending on the context.
Countable: when referring to an event that happened to you or you are a part of
Ex: I have had great experiences while traveling the world.
Uncountable: when referring to the amount of time you have spent in a certain job or task
Ex: I have a lot of experience in this department
My teacher gave me some very useful __________
advice
advise
advice
"advice" is a noun.
"advise" is a verb.
He loves team sports as soccer.
Incorrect
He loves team sports such as soccer.
or
He loves team sports like soccer.
When you want to give an example, use "such as" or "like". Do not use "as".
"Such as" is more formal than "like."
_________ firefighters face dangers.
_________ firefighters were the first to arrive at the scene of the accident.
no article, the
We don’t use an article when talking about job titles in general or in groups.
We use the definite article “the” when talking about a specific event or incident.
I ___________ get the door.
I’ll get.
We use the future simple with sudden and quick unplanned actions.
Advice
Uncountable
a piece of advice
a lot of advice.
We ran out of time and were forced to _______ the meeting.
Allocate
Adjourn
Adjourn
Adjourn: to have a pause or rest during a formal meeting or trial
Allocate: assign roles/tasks to certain people
Ex: I forgot to allocate someone to write the report.
I've gone to China twice.
Incorrect
I've been to China twice.
We use “been” to describe a completed visit of a place.
"Twice" indicates that the action is over.
We use “gone” to describe a visit of a place and the visit is not completed.
I like ___ salt on my food, so could you please pass ___ salt?
no article, the
We do not use articles with uncountable common nouns "salt".
In order to "pass the salt" you have to put it in a container. Here it refers to the "saltshaker," so a specific noun.
Emily _____________ (be) abroad many times.
has been.
We use " the present perfect tense" to talk about actions happened in the past with an unspecific or unidentified time.
Equipment
Uncountable
Singular: a piece of equipment, a type of equipment
Plural: a lot of equipment, a huge amount of equipment
Negative: not much equipment
Please ____________ my offer and call me if you decide to sell.
Consider
Regard
consider
"Consider" to spend time thinking about a possibility or making a decision.
"Regard" to have an opinion about something or someone.
My friend recommended me to buy this car.
Incorrect
My friend recommended (that) I buy this car.
"Recommend" follows the same rule as the verb "suggest."
We use a subject pronoun after the verb rather than an object.
We do not use "to" after the verb recommend.
"That" is optional.
My friend wanted to be ___ surgeon, but he felt ill when he saw ____ blood.
a, no article
We use "a" with common singular nouns.
We do not use an article with common uncountable nouns.
When he (wake up) ___________, his mother (already /prepare) ___________ breakfast.
woke up, had already prepared.
The "past perfect" tense is used to talk about two actions happened in the past.
The first action takes the "past perfect tense" the second one takes the "past simple tense."
Knowledge
Uncountable
Singular: a piece of knowledge, little bit of knowledge
Plural: a lot of knowledge, much knowledge