Special Feature Fabrics
Leather/Fur
Lace
Embroidery
Nonwovens
100
Unit of measurement for expressing thermal resistance
What is a Clo Value?
1 clo = insulation required to keep a person at rest comfortable in a normal environment (about 70°F )
higher number = greater insulating effect
100
______________ is the best season to harvest fur.
What is winter?
Trapping and farming are the two main sources of fur. Quality of fur depends on season of harvest, health of animal, and age of animal (prime of life preferable)
100
Identify the four basic types of handmade lace.
What are bobbin lace, crochet lace, needle lace, and tatting?
crochet lace uses a hook and fine threads to mimic the look of traditional lace
100
Identify the embroidery technique pictured here:
What is cross stitch?
Imagery created using stitches that overlap in an "x" pattern.
Can be both a hand and machine embroidery technique.
100
_____ is made using heat, pressure, and moisture applied to fibers and is most commonly used for making _______
What are felt and hats?
fur and wool are the best fibers for felting
200
____________ binds thermoplastic materials together using frequencies above the normal human hearing range.
What is ultrasonic technology?
200
_______ refers to the surface texture of leather, which is referred to as a __________ for smaller animals and ________ for larger
What are grain; skin, and hide?
surface texture will be impacted by the life of the animal (ex. scars, health, etc.)
200
Identify the image that best represents galloon lace and explain your answer:
A. 
B. 
C. 
What is A, because it is narrow and scalloped on both sides?
B = edging lace, which would have fabric sewn to the flat side
C = insertion lace, which would have fabric sewn to either side
200
____________ refers to the process of stitching over yarn onto the surface of a fabric.
What is couching?
Can be both a hand and machine embroidery technique.
200
Fusible interfacing uses ___________ to attach to the fabric
What are thermoplastic materials?
The bumpy/textured side faces away from the iron, toward the back of a fabric that needs stiffening. When melted, these materials act like glue.
Non-fusible interfacing is a nonwoven that attaches to fabric with thread
300
What two industries generally lead development of special feature fabrics and why?
What are military and sport-related industries? Possible reasons include high-impact/intense environments, high level of investment in development, requires functionality, etc.
300
Identify the leather type pictured here:
What is patent leather?
Patent leather has been treated with numerous layers of polyurethane
Suede leather has been split and brushed
Bonded leather refers to bits of leather that have been pressed/glued together
Full grain leather has not been split
300
Identify the lace style pictured below:
What is ribbon-hole lace?
300
Identify the embroidery type pictured here:
What is smocking?
Embroidery on ridges of pleated fabric.
Pleating/smocking can be done by machine, but embroidering on top is completed by hand
300
Identify the three main process types for combining nonwovens.
What are thermal, chemical, and mechanical?
Mechanical example = needlepunching
Thermal example = ultrasonic
Chemical example = adhesives
400
_____________, or the ability of a fiber to transport moisture from one section to another, requires the use of different fiber types to achieve its goal. ______________ fibers are used on the inside of the fabric so moisture can be pushed through the fabric and then pulled to the outside so it can evaporate
What is wicking and hydrophobic?
Push/pull effect described
400
There are two main types of hair in most pelts. The outer layer is known as ________ and the inner layer is called ________.
What are guard and duvet?
400
Identify the lace style pictured here:
What is reembroidered lace?
Lace base with embroidery added on top either by hand or machine
400
Identify the embroidery technique pictured here:
What is shisha embroidery?
Attaching mirrors or other reflective items to a surface with thread by hand only.
If there is an intentional hole that has been surrounded by embroidery, that is known as eyelet. Eyelet embroidery can be done by machine or by hand.
400
______ fabrics are created using extra yarns inserted into a base layer and are most commonly used to make ________
What are tufting and carpets?
Not to be confused with other type of "tufting": https://www.crateandbarrel.com/ideas-and-advice/tufted-furniture-guide
500
Name at least two potential issues with the use of nanotechnology
What are:
No agreed terminology or definitions for nanotechnologies
No agreed protocols for toxicity testing of nanoparticles
Existing test methods may not be suitable for nanoscale devices and dimensions
No standardized protocols for evaluating the environmental impact of nanoparticles
Nanotechnology: the science and technology of manipulating molecular structures
* may or may not be considered a smart fabric, which can sense, respond, and adjust to stimuli (ex. pressure, temperature, or electrical charge)
500
_______________ is the process of sewing two intact pelts together whereas _____________ involves cutting pelts into thin strips and then reassembling to make a fur garment
What is skin on skin and letting out?
500
Identify the lace example pictured here: 
What is alençon lace?
may or may not have a scalloped edge, but has raised cording that follows the lace design
Chantilly lace is flatter/more wispy with its floral designs
500
The most common industry-level embroidery equipment is the ______________ machine.
What is Schiffli?
Has over 1,000 needles working at the same time
500
Identify the difference between bonded and laminated fabrics when both have three layers.
What is bonded layers melt the middle layer and laminated keep it throughout the process