GI
Signs
Pulm/Crit
Rheum/Derm
Renal
100
Eponym applied to longitudinal tears of the cardia or GE junction
Mallory-Weiss tear
100
tapping over facial nerve elicits abnormal muscle contraction
What is Chvostek sign?
Seen in hypocalcemia, respiratory alkalosis (hyperventilation).
100
Resting mean pulmonary artery pressure criterion for pulmonary hypertension
≥ 25 mm Hg
100
What is the name for this finding that is reducible on physical exam?
Jaccoud’s arthropathy
Deformities are reducible and result mainly from soft-tissue abnormalities, such as laxity of ligaments, fibrosis of the capsule, and muscular imbalance.
NO destruction of the bone of joints, as occurs in rheumatoid arthritis.
100
The physical examination finding that distinguishes cerebral salt wasting syndrome from SIADH
Hypovolemia
200
Most specific physical examination finding for the presence of ascites
Fluid wave (positive likelihood ratio =5)
200
Echo finding of akinesia of the mid-free wall of the right ventricle but normal motion of the apex
What is McConnell's sign?
Seen in submassive/massive pulmonary embolism.
200
Cirrhosis complication characterized by hypoxemia, platypnea, and orthodeoxia
Hepatopulmonary syndrome
200
A 70-year-old woman presented with a 1-week history of dizziness and generalized rash following the onset of a viral respiratory tract infection. On physical examination, she had a generalized, macular, nonblanching, purplish rash. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Cold agglutinin disease
200
Specific acid-base disorder associated with linezolid
Lactic acidosis (anion-gap metabolic acidosis)
300
Entrapped nerve associated with chronic abdominal wall pain
Anterior cutaneous nerve
300
Increase in neurological symptoms with exercise or other increase in body temperature
What is Uhthoff's phenomenon?
Seen in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurological, demyelinating conditions when the body gets overheated from hot weather, exercise, fever, or saunas and hot tubs. It is possibly due to the effect of increased temperature on nerve conduction.
300
The most common pneumoconiosis in the United States
Silicosis
300
Lichen planus
Five "P’s"
- papules (usually 2-5 mm size)
- pruritus (intense)
- purple
- polygonal
- planar (flat-topped)
Association with HCV infection.
300
Diagnosis causing high plasma sodium and inappropriately low urine osmolality at end of first trimester
Gestational diabetes insipidus
400
Most common upper gastrointestinal polyp in United States associated with PPI therapy
Cystic fundic gland polyp (fundic gland polyp)
400
mid-diastolic rumble heard at apex in aortic insufficiency
What is Austin Flint murmur?
400
Diagnostic test of choice and treatment for Group 4 Pulmonary HTN
Ventilation-Perfusion scan, Pulmonary endarterectomy
Group 4 PH --> Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH)
400
A 71-year-old man with cirrhosis presented to the ED with severe diffuse pruritus 3 months after being treated with oral and topical glucocorticoids for an erythematous, scaly rash. Physical exam revealed this rash on the patient’s neck, hands, and genital area. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Crusted (Norwegian) scabies
This is a rare, severe, and highly contagious form of scabies. Predominantly affects immunosuppressed patients or those with sensory-motor neuropathy or dementia. Treated with ivermectin.
400
Surgical procedure associated with oxalate nephropathy
Gastric bypass surgery (OR bowel resection)
500
Hematological disorder found in 50% of patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome
Myeloproliferative disorder (accept any: polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, primary myelofibrosis, chronic myeloid leukemia)
500
arms elevated over head elicits facial plethora, distended neck veins and inspiratory stridor
What is Pemberton's sign?
Indicative of superior vena cava syndrome (SVC), commonly the result of a mass in the mediastinum. Although it is most commonly described in patients with substernal goiters.
500
In addition to Lofgren syndrome, the other named sarcoidosis syndrome in which histologic confirmation is not required for diagnosis
Heerfordt syndrome (Uveoparotid fever)
500
Acro-osteolysis
It refers to the transverse resorption across the mid-shafts of the distal phalanges. It is associated with systemic sclerosis, hyperparathyroidism, neuropathy, chronic vascular insufficiency, frostbite, occupational exposure.
500
Most common disease cause of proximal RTA (Fanconi's syndrome) in adults
Monoclonal gammopathy (multiple myeloma, amyloidosis, light chain disease)