Critical Care
Which of the following occurs during the ebb phase of injury?
a. hypovolemic shock
b. Release of catecholamines
c. increased metabolic rate
d. Hyperglycemia
a. hypovolemic shock
Low albumin in a critically ill patient is caused by
a.inadequate protein intake.
b.illness, injury, and inflammation.
c.inadequate calorie intake.
d.inadequate fluid intake.
b.illness, injury, and inflammation.
Which is not recommended for COVID-19 patients suffering from fatigue?
a.choose soft foods that are easier to chew
b.aim for 3 large meals per day
c.keep non-perishable snacks within easy reach
d.have meals prepared by caregiver
b.aim for 3 large meals per day
What vitamin supplementation may be necessary for patients with tuberculosis?
a.Vitamin C
b.Folate
c.Vitamins B6
d.Thiamin
c.Vitamins B6
What term refers to rapid breathing?
Select one:
a.Dyspnea
b.Hemoptysis
c.Tachypnea
d.Aspiration
c.Tachypnea
Which of the following should be the first emphasis of nutrition care immediately after a major burn injury?
a.Promote weight gain.
b.Increase lean body mass and strength.
c.Establish fluid and electrolyte balance.
d.Promote a positive nitrogen balance.
c.Establish fluid and electrolyte balance.
In surgical patients, what factor is the strongest predictor of postoperative mortality?
a.Extent of the primary disease and operation performed
b.Nutritional status
c.BMI
d.Age
a.Extent of the primary disease and operation performed
What is the rationale for initiating EN within 24-36 hours of ICU admission for the COVID-19 patient?
a.EN is not recommended until patient is stabilized due to an increased risk of sepsis
b.improved mortality and reduced infections
c.improved morbidity
d.expedited weight gain to compensate for poor oral intake prior to admission
b.improved mortality and reduced infections
Which of the following is a disease of bronchial hyperresponsiveness?
a.Cystic fibrosis
b.Emphysema
c.Tuberculosis
d.Asthma
d.Asthma
How can supplemental phosphorus and calcium be provided to an infant with bronchopulmonary dysplasia?
a.Increase calcium and phosphorus in parenteral nutrition formula.
b.Provide supplemental minerals outside of nutrition infusions.
c.Increase calcium and phosphorus in enteral nutrition formula.
d.Additional calcium and phosphorus are rarely indicated.
b.Provide supplemental minerals outside of nutrition infusions
The preferred method for estimating energy needs in a hypermetabolic patient is
a.25 to 30 kcal/kg.
b.indirect calorimetry.
c.the DRIs.
d.nitrogen balance.
b.indirect calorimetry.
Which of the following statements is true in regard to prone position oxygenation in the COVID-19 patient?
a.improved oxygenation in up to 30% of patients
b.shallow breathing assists with improved oxygenation
c.decreased secretion drainage
d.more evenly distributed ventilation and improved oxygenation
d.more evenly distributed ventilation and improved oxygenation
What is the concern about giving supplemental iron to patients with tuberculosis?
Select one:
a.Risk of iron overload
b.Risk of infection
c.No response to iron supplementation
d.Interference with medications
b.Risk of infection
Long-term pulmonary improvement requires special monitoring of what in the infant with Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)?
a.Fluid and electrolytes
b.Lipid intake
c.Head circumference
d.Serum albumin
a.Fluid and electrolytes
Which of the following is a criterion in the diagnosis of SIRS?
a.Shock
b.Ileus
c.Elevated heart rate
d.Decreased heart rate
c.Elevated heart rate
Which hormone promotes the synthesis of acute-phase proteins?
a.Glucagon
b.Cortisol
c.Epinephrine
d.ACTH
b.Cortisol
For critically ill patients with COVID-19 and BMI >50 what is the recommended energy requirement?
a.15-20 kcal/kg ABW
b.22-25 kcal/kg IBW
c.11-14 kcal/kg ABW
d.25-30 kcal/kg ABW
b.22-25 kcal/kg IBW
Which of the following is(are) synthesized in the lungs?
Select one:
a.Angiotensin I
b.Arachidonic acid
c.Prostaglandins
d.Hemoglobin
b.Arachidonic acid
Fluid in the pleural space with a milky appearance is a symptom of
a.chylothorax.
b.respiratory distress syndrome.
c.acute respiratory distress syndrome.
d.asthma.
a.chylothorax.
How does the gut hypothesis explain the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome?
a.Injury or disruption of the gut barrier function allows translocation of bacteria.
b.Active feeding of the gut promotes the migration of gut-associated lymphoid tissue.
c.Bypassing feeding of the gut via parenteral nutrition promotes infection through open access to the blood system.
d.Foodborne illness promotes absorption of foodborne pathogens, increasing infection.
a.Injury or disruption of the gut barrier function allows translocation of bacteria.
Which of the following formulas would be recommended to help reduce inflammation in patients with COVID-19 on ventilators?
a.Novasource Renal
b.Peptamen AF
c.Two Cal HN
d.Fibersource HN
b.Peptamen A
Which of the following is a dietary modification needed for treatment of cystic fibrosis?
a.Increased sodium intake
b.Reduction of fat to less than 20% of calories
c.Decreased carbohydrate intake
d.Supplemental probiotics
a.Increased sodium intake
Which results from a sweat test indicate that a patient may have CF?
a.Elevated levels of chloride
b.Decreased levels of chloride
c.Elevated levels of potassium
d.Decreased levels of sodium
a.Elevated levels of chloride