Chapter 6: Learning
Learning is best defined as
A relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge due to experience
The mental activity associated with processing, understanding, and communicating information is called:
Cognition
Memory involves three main processes:
A. Thinking, understanding, and reasoning
B. Encoding, storage, and retrieval
C. Perception, sensation, and response
D. Analysis, recall, and problem solving
B. Encoding, storage, and retrieval
The three domains of human development are
Physical, cognitive, and psychosocial
According to the drive-reduction theory, people are motivated to:
Maintain homeostasis
In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog salivating to the sound of a bell is an example of
Conditioned response
When you think of a “bird,” and imagine a robin rather than a penguin, you are using a
Prototype
Information that moves from short-term to long-term memory typically does so through
Rehearsal and encoding
Continuous development emphasizes:
A. Stages with clear boundaries
B. Gradual cumulative changes across the lifespan
C. Distinct steps that cannot be skipped
D. Abrupt shifts in personality
B. Gradual cumulative changes across the lifespan
Which theory proposes that emotions and physiological responses occur simultaneously?
A. James–Lange theory
B. Cannon–Bard theory
C. Schachter–Singer two-factor theory
D. Lazarus appraisal theory
B. Cannon–Bard theory
If a child stops cleaning their room after a parent removes their allowance, this is
Negative punishment
The tendency to seek out evidence that supports our beliefs is called
Confirmation bias
Remembering your high school graduation is an example of
Episodic memory
Erikson’s stage of identity vs. role confusion occurs during
Adolescence
The part of the brain most involved in emotional processing is the
Amygdala
A student studies harder after receiving praise from their professor. This is an example of
Positive reinforcement
According to Gardner’s theory, which of the following is one of the multiple intelligences?
A. Logical–mathematical
B. Practical
C. Triarchic
D. Emotional
A. Logical–mathematical
Forgetting new information because older information blocks new learning is called:
Proactive interference
Fine motor skills involve:
A. Large body movements like walking or jumping
B. Emotional self-regulation
C. Small muscle coordination such as writing or buttoning a shirt
D. Reflexive behavior
C. Small muscle coordination such as writing or buttoning a shirt
Intrinsic motivation refers to
Engaging in behavior for personal satisfaction or enjoyment
According to Bandura, which process is not required for observational learning?
A. Attention
B. Retention
C. Reproduction
D. Conditioning
D. Conditioning
Sternberg’s practical intelligence refers to
Street smarts and everyday skills
The hippocampus plays a critical role in:
A. Emotional processing
B. Forming new explicit memories
C. Coordinating muscle memory
D. Filtering sensory input
B. Forming new explicit memories
A predictable age at which a specific skill appears is called a
Developmental milestone
According to Maslow’s hierarchy, which needs must be met first?
Safety and physiological needs