Functions & Structures(pt 1)
The structures that make-up the renal system
What is the Kidneys-2, Ureters- 2, Bladder-1 Urethra- 1
Kidneys receive what amount of total cardiac output
What is 20-25%?
This is a three step process: filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular excretion.
What is Urine Formation?
These are enzymes that are secreted and stored in the kidneys which promote the production of protein angiotensin (vasoconstrictor)
What is Renin Release?
Angiotensin I
The function of the renal system
regulate fluid and electrolytes, urine formation, acid base balance, removing waste, synthesis of Vit D to an active form, provide hormones involved in RBC production, bone metabolism and control of BP, secretion of prostaglandins, calcium-phosphorus balance.
These two structures within the kidney help to filter waste material
What are the renal pyramids and medulla?
180 liters per day, 99% is reabsorbed. Depends on adequate blood flow.
Filtered Fluid (filtrate)
measured by creatinine clearance (24 hr urine). 125-200 mL/min = normal. <60 is significant indicator of CKD.
What is the GFR?
What are a urinalysis, serum creatinine, BUN?
Triggered by hypoxia and anemia
What is Erythropoietin?
99% of the filtered blood is filtered here and back to general circulation. 1% remaining contains waste that goes into further processing in the kidneys
What is the renal vein?
Amino acids and glucose are filtered and reabsorbed here so they are not excreted. (if they are excreted here, it is due to an excessive amount such as a diabetic)
What is the glomerulus?
These are secreted into tubules, reabsorb bicarbonate and make more bicarbonate for pH control.
What are ammonia and H+ ions?
What is microalbuminuria?
What is ADH? (AntiDiuretic Hormone)
This is where formed urine is channeled through after blood that contains waste is processed; it is then transported into the ureter and enters the urethra for excretion.
What is the renal pelvis?
Substances move from filtrate back to the peritubular capillaries
What is reabsorption?
This depends on aldosterone, which is made in the adrenal cortex. Angiotension ll controls its release, renin controls angiotensin ll which will increase our BP if blood volume goes up.
What is sodium excretion?
Aids in fluid and electrolyte balance, acid balance, eliminates waste, regulates our BP, filters blood and also aids in RBC production
What is the Renin-Angiotension System?
Each kidney has 1 million of these. They filter urine. Less than 20% of their function will require dialysis.
What are nephrons?
Substances move from the capillaries into the filtrate.
What is secretion?
This is secreted in response to increased osmolality, increasing reabsorption of water. Decrease in water, blood osmolality will increase.
What is ADH (vasopressin)?
In the lungs, this is the most powerful vasoconstrictor. Renal auto regulation increase BP and then vasoconstricts. Increases risk of myocardial contraction and prostaglandin release. Also increased circulation volume: aldosterone release, sodium and water reabsorption, k+ excretion and ADH release.
What is angiotensin ll?