Metabolism
Final electron acceptor that yields the most ATP
The process of oxidizing ammonia to nitrite and then to nitrate in order to obtain ATP
What is nitrification?
Enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA strand
What is DNA polymerase?
This base replaces thymine in RNA synthesis
What is uracil?
Molecule that causes transcription to stop
What is a corepressor?
Reducing power is found in the form of these molecules
Iron oxidation depends on the use of this specific electron carrier
What is rusticyanin?
Nucleic acid synthesis always occurs in this direction
What is 5'-3'?
Site for binding and orientation of RNA polymerase
What is a promoter?
Genes that are only expressed in response to a stimulus
What are inducible genes?
Energy released through the electron transport chain is used to pump protons across the membrane resulting in what?
What is proton motive force?
This process can be described as EMP in reverse
What is gluconeogenesis?
This rule is defined as: "The amount of guanine should be equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equal to thymine"
What is Chargaff's Rule?
tRNA is transferred between these three sites within a ribosome
What are E, P, and A?
The sites where repressor proteins bind
What are operators?
An organism that derives its energy from preformed chemicals, electrons from organic chemicals, and carbon from an organic carbon-containing source
What is a chemoorganoheterotroph?
The reason an organism cannot oxidize both nitrite and ammonia
What is neither has the enzymes to do both?
Responsible for maintaining the separation of DNA strands during replication
What is a single-stranded binding protein (SSB)?
The three stop codons that terminate protein synthesis
What are UAG, UGA, and UAA?
This enzyme converts ATP into cyclic AMP (cAMP) in the absence of glucose
What is adenylyl cyclase?
The lack of what differentiates fermentative organisms from anaerobic ones?
What is a terminal electron acceptor? (or ETC)
The names of two pathways that autotrophs use to fix carbon dioxide
What is the Calvin Cycle and reductive/reverse TCA cycle?
What would occur without DNA gyrase during replication?
Positive supercoiling that would break the chromosome
These are two methods of prokaryotic transcription termination
What is rho-dependent termination and rho-independent (intrinsic) termination (hairpin)?
When the substrate is absent, the repressor binds to the operon so that the sigma factor of RNA polymerase cannot bind and transcription stops
What is a negatively-controlled, inducible operon?