OINAS
contralateral rotation
What does the anterior facet of the dens articulate with
The anterior arch of the atlas
Name the attachments of the transverse ligament and describe its role at the atlanto-axial joint
Runs between the lateral masses of the axis behind the dens
Maintains the position of the dens tight against the anterior arch during cervical movement
What are the arthrokinematics of the A/O joint during flexion?
Occipital condyles roll anteriorly and glide posteriorly
vertebral artery and C1 DPR
What 2 muscles does the spinal accessory nerve innervate
SCM and traps
Which is greater in the c-spine: sagittal or frontal plane motion?
Name at least 2 reasons why.
Sagittal
IVD is wider transversely, narrower AP
facet joint orientation
uncinate processes limit lateral flexion
What does the posterior longitudinal ligament continue as in the C-spine?
Tectorial membrane
During LEFT rotation, describe the GLIDE of the RIGHT inferior facet of the atlas.
Right inferior facet glides forwards (opening)
Left inferior facet glides backwards (closing)
What is the difference between the superficial and deep branches of the cervical VPR?
Superficial branches are all cutaneous, deep branches (med and lat) are all muscular
Name 2 muscles that attach to the posterior tubercles of the cervical spine TPs?
Middle and posterior scalenes
Levator scap
Where are the uncinate processes located?
What motion do they limit?
Posterolateral superior surface of vertebral bodies C3-C6 (IVD is ant/med, IVF is post/lat)
Lateral flexion
Name the attachments of the apical ligament in the upper C spine.
Apical ligament runs from tip/apex of dens to the occiput
In lower c-spine extension, the superior facets glide ______ and _____ on the inferior facets. (2 movements)
Superior facets glide inferiorly and posteriorly during extension.
Superior facets glide superiorly and anteriorly during flexion.
What does the lateral branch of C2 DPR innervate?
(3 muscles)
Splenius capitis, longissimus capitis, semispinalis capitis
Name 2 muscles that attach to the ligamentum nuchae
upper traps
splenius capitus
rhomboid minor
serratus posterior superior
Describe the curve of the C-spine and function of this. Are the IVDs deeper anteriorly or posteriorly?
How many nerve roots are there? What nerve root exits between C4 and C5?
Lordotic because the IVDs are deeper anteriorly, contributing to the convexity of the curve. Function is MOBILITY.
8 nerve roots, C4 exits
What ligament runs from C7 to the occiput, connecting the tips of SPs?
Nuchal ligament
In right side-bending and right rotation, the right upper facet glides _______ (2 movements) and the left upper facet glides ____ (2 movements).
Right upper facet glides inferiorly and posteriorly (closing), left upper facet glides superiorly and anteriorly (opening)
What innervates the infrahyoid muscles?
What infrahyoid muscle is the exceptionb?
Inferior root of ansa cervicalis
Thyrohyoid
Name a muscle innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve.
Name a muscle innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve.
Name a muscle innervated by long thoracic nerve.
Levator scap, rhomboid major & minor
Lats
Serratus ant
What is the distinctive feature of the C-spine and what travels through it?
Foramina transversarium with the vertebral artery and vein going through it
Name the attachments of the alar ligaments. What motions do they restrict?
Run on either side of the base of the dens up/out to the occiput
Resist CONTRALATERAL SB and rotation
Your patient has pain and limitation with cervical extension, LSB and L rotation. You want to improve this patient's L closing restriction at C6/7. Where and in what direction will you apply your glide.
Apply the glide at L C6 TP in the posterior and inferior direction.
What nerve roots make up the phrenic nerve?
What branches off the medial series form the superior root of ansa cervicalis?
What nerve does the C1 DPR form?
C3/4/5 keep you alive
Communicating branches to XII
Suboccipital nerve