Person-Centered
Communications
Socialization
Communication Systems
Random
100

What is Ecological Inventory?

An Ecological Inventory is used to gain information on students needs in relation to their current and future environments

100

What are the 6 methods of promoting communication?

  • Use Time Delay

  • Use Sabotage ➡️(NEED)

  • Use Out of Reach (keeping reward out of reach)   

  • Provide Inadequate Proportions➡️(WANT)

  • Provide Choice-Making (providing choices)

  • Provide Assistance (making sure they need assistance so it can be provided) (provide their needs but cant do it)

100

What has research has shown regarding students with disabilities?

  • Are often less liked / accepted by their peers

  • Often experience loneliness

  • May be teased or rejected by peers

  • Need direct teacher support to build relationships with peers

  • Peers are less likely to socialize with students who have an adult within 3 feet

100

What are the 2 communication systems?

PECCS and PODD

(PECCS reference music video)

(PODD is normally a book or device that contains symbols and words to support communication between people with complex communication needs and their communication partners. (similar to a communication device))

100

Communication Enhancement Strategies

(More ways to provide the opportunity for a want or need)

  • Make favorite items inaccessible

  • Give small portions

  • Consume a portion of a favorite food/drink in front of the child

  • Create the need for assistance

  • Interrupt a favorite cooperative activity

  • Offer something that they don’t like

  • Offer a choice

  • Violate your child’s expectations

  • Surprise them

200

what are the major domains of an ecological inventory?

- domestic (bedroom)

- leisure (club)

- community (hometown)

- vocational (job)

- school (classroom)

200

What is pragmatic communication? examples?

is about social interaction or social communication.

It gives the students to skills to participate in communication with others in a social way.

Examples:

  • communication skills.

  • Initiating

  • Gaining attention

  • Turn-taking

  • Requesting help

  • Expressing preference or non-preference

  • Requesting termination of activities

  • Repairing communication breakdown

  • Giving information

  • Conversational follow-through

200

How do we assess social skills?

- Approaches to Assessment

  • Rating scales and checklists

  • Interviews

  • Self-reports

  • Direct observations

  • Record reviews

  • Analog role plays

200

What is the difference between high tech and low tech? 

high tech (those consisting of electronic components or battery operated; e.g., speech-generating devices)

low tech (those consisting of no electronics or batteries; e.g., picture communication books)

200

What are the strategies to promote spoken language?

  • Antecedent Prompt/Test

  • Mand-model

  • If the teacher knows the student wants something, but the student doesn’t say the word to request it, the teacher will then say, “Tell me what you want” (mand).

  • Give appropriate wait time

  • Give another cue, model, reinforce any attempt or approximation

  • May incorporate time delay, constant or progressive wait time

  • Time Delay


All of these strategies can be used in the Natural Setting

  • Naturalistic Communication Strategies (see Resource on BOLT)

  • Incidental Teaching

  • Mand-model

  • Naturalistic Teaching 

  • Time Delay

  • Enhanced Milieu Teaching

300

what is a Functional Routine or Situational Assessment?

Focus on typical activities that occur during individuals routine or day. This EI starts with an observation of the student in the setting

300

What are the 3 communication assessment strategies? (WITH SPEECH SERVICE)

  • Interview the people closest to the student, 

  • Conduct a direct observation.

  • Identify contexts in which communicative attempts occur

300

What are some social skills instruction stratagies?

  • Adult-directed social skills approaches: social skills group

  • Social scripts: script out exactly what to say for each person

  • Self-management: 

  • Conflict resolution

  • Social stories: 

  • Power Cards: 

  • Cooperative learning: learning in a group/ with same aged peers (soving problems or doing something together)

  • Peer mediated strategies: peer w/o disability is trained on how to repsond; the person with disability had picture cards

  • Videotaped feedback: 

300

What is the difference between aided and unaided technology?

Aided systems include those that require some type of physical equipment

Unaided systems include those that do not require any type of object or those that can be demonstrated by a person’s body (e.g., manual signs, gestures, facial expressions)

300

What is a circle of friends?

  • This intervention promotes the inclusion of students with special needs into the school community

  • It is a peer-based approach and engages peer groups and practicing social skills

  • A circle is formed by peers and classmates and a student as the “focus child” in the middle of the circle

400

what is a Discrepancy Analysis?

Focus is on the comparison of behaviors and skills of a person without disabilities to the person with disabilities.

400

What are the structured probes when determining a student’s current repertoire of forms and functions?

  • Introduce interesting materials

  • Offer choices

  • Create silly situations to determine whether the student will comment or question them

400

What are social stories?

  • Most student are familiar with reading books or having books read to them.

  • Social stories are short books that outline a social challenge and how to manage through that difficulty using characters.

Bonus - There are many free social stories available on the internet.

  • Should be individualized

  • Sets out to address an area of need

  • Contains 4 sentence types

Descriptive- tells about what is going on in the environment or about the skill

Directive- tells the student what to do (do not focus on what not to do)

Perspective- tells what others may think (e.g., makes her feel happy)

Affirmative- tells the student that is OK to feel that way (e.g., you may not like the sound but it is OK)

  • Relationship between the types of sentences, include 0-1 directive to 2- 5 of all of the others. The story should be mostly descriptive, perspective, and affirming, and include few directives.

400

What is a visual Support?

Any visuals (pictures, photographs, objects, words) used to support students to increase their understanding of what is being said and what is expected.

400

How are naturalistic teaching methods used?

blend teaching methods into everyday routine and interests

Incidental teaching: expands education

mand model: request

time delay: giving the student a set time to answer then model the correct behavior

500

What is an Operational skill and an Associated skill/Extension skill? 

Operational Skill- basic to the completion of the task

Associated skills/extension skill- related skill that should be incorporated with operational skills, thus forming a functional routine (ex., saying please and thank you, or problem solving)

500

What are 4 ways to be an effective communication partner?

  • Give time to respond

  • Avoid excessive use of questions

  • Avoid repeating or questioning a child’s message

  • Make available communication tools where and when needed

500

What are Power Cards?

  • Power Cards are used to give students information and teach social skills.

  • Power Cards must include these three important components

  1. Written in the first person

  2. Include the individuals personal interest, passion, or motivation

  3. Tell the individual what to do to solve the problem or what to do in a given situation

500

What is a Communication System?

  • A communication program designed to develop functional communication skills in students.

  • Examples: PECCS and PODD

500

Give an example of a social story or a power card

...