Cognition
Within the OTPF, cognition is referred to as "mental functions" and falls under the category:
Client Factors
Name the brain structures associated with short-term and long-term memory.
STM: Prefrontal cortex
LTM: Medial Temporal Lobe, Hippocampus, Amygdala
What aspect of speech is associated with the inferior frontal gyrus?
Production of speech
Your client has difficulty starting, stopping, and switching her actions when asked to perform a task. The client is having difficulty with:
Mental flexibility
The 4 main structures that make up the limbic system are:
Hippocampus
Hypothalamus
Amygdala
Thalamus
From bottom to top, name the four levels of the cognitive hierarchy.
Attention and orientation
Information and visual processing
Language memory
Community integration
You hand your client a toothbrush and he begins to comb his hair with it. The client is experiencing:
Ideational apraxia
From bottom to top, name each level of the Hierarchy of Attention
Focused
Sustained
Selective
Alternating
Divided
Name three skills involved in executive functioning.
•Initiation
•Planning and organizing
•Problem solving
•Mental flexibility
•Categorization
•Decision making
Name the 2 primary and 2 secondary brain structures associated with emotion.
Primary = prefrontal cortex and limbic system
Secondary = thalamus and anterior insula
Within the brain, cognition is located in the ____________ and ____________ and is mediated by the ________________.
Pre-frontal cortex
Orbitofrontal cortex
Frontal lobes
Name and describe the two types of explicit (aka declarative) memory.
Episodic: memory of personal facts and events
Semantic: memory of facts and concepts
Name one simple way to identify an impairment in divided attention during a therapy session.
Many potential answers
Talking test - does the client stop walking when they need to talk?
Define metacognition in five words or less.
Self-awareness
Thinking about thinking
Self-monitoring
Assess personal strengths and weaknesses
A bilateral lesion in the amygdala will cause:
Loss of fear
Name three deficits seen in clients who are functioning at a low level of cognition.
Low level of alertness/arousal
Not oriented to person, place, or time
Not able to recognize common items
Difficulty initiating activities
Difficulty sequencing basic ADLs
Difficulty concentrating
Short term memory deficits
Unable to categorize
Poor safety awareness
Name and describe the three forms of amnesia.
Retrograde: loss of past knowledge (primarily personal knowledge)
Anterograde: loss of new information due to disruption in the encoding process from STM to LTM
Post-Traumatic: a state of confusion immediately following a neurological event
A lesion of the right temporoparietal junction will cause difficulty understanding what type of communication?
Nonverbal communication
Describe a client who has executive functioning impairment that is impacting their ADL performance.
•Unkempt and poor hygiene
•Medication management issues with polypharmacy
•Forgets to eat
•Sexually over-indulgent
A client with a recent TBI is showing signs of depression and emotional lability. The client likely had damage to the _________ hemisphere.
Left
Name and describe one theory of cognitive development.
Piaget
Contextual/Sociocultural Theory
Information Processing Theory
Neurobiological/Brain Maturation Theory
Name three red flags that indicate a client is experiencing a visual-spatial disorder.
Confuses L and R extremities
Confuses concepts regarding objects in space
Frequently gets lost
Misjudges distances
Unable to identify items when viewed from unfamiliar positions
Name two strategies that might help a client with unilateral/personal neglect attend to the affected side of the body.
Bell
Bright color
Weight
Name two assessments that address executive functioning.
Trails A and B
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
Executive Function Performance Test
Multiple Errands Test
Weekly Calendar Planning Activity
What is the suspected connection between the limbic system and individuals with autism spectrum disorder?
Limbic System involvement is suspected due to difficulty associating feelings to thoughts and memories