Cardio 1
Where is the apex of the heart? Where is the base of the heart?
Apex is the bottom
Base is the top
Right right side has (oxygenated or deoxygenated) blood while the left side has (oxygenated or deoxygenated) blood?
Right side has deoxygenated
Left side has oxygenated
Which of the following tests analyzes the electrical events of the heart?
a. Cardiac cath
b. Stress test
c. Echocardiogram
d. Electrocardiogram
d. Electrocardiogram
When assessing the pulse, the nurse documents the client's pulse to be +1, what does this mean?
a. The pulse was bounding
b. The pulse was normal
c. The pulse was weak
d. The pulse was absent
c. The pulse was weak
The physician writes an order to administer 0.1 gram by mouth daily. Available are 100mg tablets. How many tablets will you administer per dose?
1 tablet
0.1g x 1,000mg = 100
100mg / 100mg = 1
1 x 1 tablet = 1 tablet
What happens is diastole? What happens in systole?
Diastole is when the ventricles relax and fill, AV is open
Systole is when ventricles contract and pump; AV valves close to prevent regurgitation of blood back up into the atria as SL open to eject blood into aorta
Which of the following lists the flow of blood correctly?
a. Superior/inferior vena cava -> right atrium -> mitral valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonic valve -> pulmonary arteries -> lungs -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> tricuspid valve -> left ventricle -> aortic valve -> aorta -> body
b. Superior/inferior vena cava -> right atrium -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonic valve -> pulmonary arteries -> lungs -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> mitral valve -> left ventricle -> aortic valve -> aorta -> body
c. Right atrium -> mitral valve -> right ventricle -> aortic valve -> aorta -> lungs -> left atrium -> tricuspid valve -> left ventricle -> pulmonic valve -> body
d. Superior/inferior vena cava -> left atrium -> tricuspid valve -> left ventricle -> pulmonic valve -> pulmonary arteries -> lungs -> pulmonary veins -> right atrium -> mitral valve -> right ventricle -> aortic valve -> aorta -> body
b. Superior/inferior vena cava -> right atrium -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonic valve -> pulmonary arteries -> lungs -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> mitral valve -> left ventricle -> aortic valve -> aorta -> body
Which statement made by the student nurse requires further education?
a. "The left side of the heart is thicker than the right side."
b. "The right side of the heart has deoxygenated blood."
c. "The right side of the heart is thicker than the left side."
d. "Arteries carry blood away from the heart while veins carry blood toward the heart."
c. "The right side of the heart is thicker than the left side."
What should the nurse do first if they cannot palpate a dorsalis pedis pulse on their client?
a. Bring another nurse in to try
b. Obtain a doppler
c. Document the finding
d. Call the doctor
b. Obtain a doppler
The nurse has an order to administer an IV bolus of 12.5mg. Available is a vial that says 50mg/mL. How many mLs will the nurse administer?
0.25mL
12.5mg / 50mg = 0.25
0.25 x 1mL = 0.25mL
The closure of which two valves signals the first heart sound?
a. Mitral and pulmonic
b. Mitral and tricuspid
c. Tricuspid and aortic
d. Aortic and pulmonic
b. Mitral and tricuspid
S1 occurs with the closure of AV valves - signals beginning of systole
S2 occurs with the closure of semilunar valves - signals end of systole, loudest at the base
Which statement is correct regarding blood pressure?
a. During systole the AV valves close and the SL valves open
b. The ventricles contract and pump during diastole
c. Blood pressure is not affected by emotions or physical exertion
d. During diastole the AV valves close and SL valves open
a. During systole the AV valves close and open during diastole
Which of the following are true regarding older adults? Select all that apply.
a. They have stiffening of the vasculature
b. It is harder to identify/palpate their pulses
c. They have an increase in cardiac reserve
d. They have fewer lymph nodes
e. Their arteries become firm
f. They have thinner, more elastic veins
a. They have stiffening of the vasculature
b. It is harder to identify/palpate their pulses
d. They have fewer lymph nodes
e. Their arteries become firm
What doe the Modified Allen Test provide information about?
a. The adequacy of the radial artery to provide sufficient blood flow to the hand
b. The adequacy of the ulnar artery to provide sufficient blood flow to the hand
c. The adequacy of the femoral artery to provide sufficient blood flow to the legs
d. Whether the client's name is Allen or not
b. The adequacy of the ulnar artery to provide sufficient blood flow to the hand
The physician writes an order to administer 20g of a liquid medication PO BID. Available is a vial labeled 10g/15 mL. How many mLs will you administer per dose?
30mL/dose
20g / 10g = 2
2 x 15mL = 30mL
Which of the following are abnormal findings during a cardiovascular assessment? Select all that apply.
a. A palpable thrill
b. Pulsation only at PMI
c. Murmurs at the apex
d. Presence of visible heaves
e. S1 loudest at the apex and S2 loudest at the base
f. Presence of arrhythmia
a. A palpable thrill
c. Murmurs at the apex
d. Presence of visible heaves
f. Presence of arrhythmia
Which action by the student nurse while assessing the neck vessels requires intervention?
a. Assessing for the presence of a carotid bruit
b. Keeping the neck in a neutral position while auscultating the carotid artery
c. Positioning the patient supine with the HOB elevated 30-45 degrees while inspecting the jugular venous pulse
d. Palpating both carotid arteries at the same time
d. Palpating both carotid arteries at the same time
What is the correct path of auscultating the heart?
a. Pulmonic area, erb's point, tricuspid area, mitral area, aortic area
b. Mitral area, aortic area, pulmonic area, tricusipid area, erb's point
c. Aortic area, pulmonic area, erb's point, tricuspid area, mitral area
d. Erb's point, aortic area, mitral area, tricuspid area, pulmonic area
c. Aortic area, pulmonic area, erb's point, tricuspid area, mitral area
"All pigs eat too much"
What is the function of the veins?
a. To drain deoxygenated blood and its waste products from tissues and return it to the heart
b. To move waste products from the liver to the kidneys
c. To solely supply the brain with deoxygenated blood
d. To drain oxygenated blood from the heart and supply it to the tissues
a. To drain deoxygenated blood and its waste products from tissues and return it to the heart
The physician writes an order to administer 5g of a liquid medication PO q4 hours PRN. Available is a bottle labeled 30mg/3mL. How many mLs will you administer per dose?
500mL
5g x 1,000mg = 5,000mg
5,000mg / 30mg = 166.67
166.67 x 3mL = 500mL
Which of the following characteristics regarding the jugular veins vs. carotid pulsations is correct? Select all that apply.
a. The jugular veins are lower than the carotid artery
b. The jugular veins are brisk and localized and the carotid artery is undulant and diffuse
c. The jugular veins vary with respirations and the carotid artery does not
d. The jugular veins are palpable and the carotid artery is not palpable
e. The jugular veins are easily obliterated by light pressure at the base of the neck and the carotid artery is not changed
f. The jugular veins are affected by the position of the person and the carotid artery is not affected
a. The jugular is lower than the carotid
c. The jugular veins vary with respirations and the carotid artery does not
e. The jugular vein is easily obliterated by light pressure at the base of the neck and the carotid artery is not changed
f. The jugular veins are affected by the position of the person and the carotid artery is not affected
Which of the following is correct regarding the effect of respirations on the volume of ventricular systole?
a. There is no effect, the heart is not affected by respirations
b. During inspiration, the right side has more blood than the left side
c. During inspiration, the left side has more blood than the right side
d. Ventricular systole is not real
b. During inspiration, the right side has more blood than the left side
Volume of right and left ventricular systole is just about equal but can be affected by respiration (right side can have greater volume than left side during inspiration)
MoRe to the Right, Less to the Left
Which of the following are true statements regarding the heart? Select all that apply.
a. The valves are bidirectional
b. The atria are thin walled and ventricles are thick walled
c. Diastole is relaxation and systole is contraction
d. The heart lies from the 2nd-5th intercostal spaces and at the sternum to the left midclavicular line
e. Hearing murmurs is normal when auscultating
f. There are two atrioventricular valves and 2 semilunar valves
b. The atria are thin walled and ventricles are thick walled
c. Diastole is relaxation and systole is contraction
d. The heart lies from the 2nd-5th intercostal spaces and at the sternum to the left midclavicular line
f. There are two AV valves and 2 semilunar valves
Which of the following should you take note of when assessing pulses? Select all that apply
a. Grade
b. Position of patient
c. Strength
d. Time of day
e. Symmetry
f. Variation
a. Grade
c. Strength
e. Symmetry
f. Variation
The physician writes an order to administer 50 units of insulin. Available is a bottle that has 100units/mL. How many mLs will you administer?
0.50mL
50units / 100units = 0.50
0.50 x 1mL = 0.50mL