Cholera
The mainstay of cholera treatment.
The percent risk of progression to active TB over time for a person with HIV.
What is 10% per year?
The full name (including subspecies and serotype) for the bacteria that causes typhoid fever.
What is Salmonella enterica spp. enterica serotype typhi?
A layer of the digestive tract that acts as both a filter for nutrients and a barrier to toxins and pathogens.
What is the gut mucosa?
The transmission route for the majority of rickettsial diseases.
What is vector-borne?
The mechanism of disease causation for Vibrio cholerae (NOT the type of diarrhea).
What is toxin production?
A condition where a person is infected with TB and has an immune response, but does not have clinical symptoms or the ability to transmit.
What is latent TB infection (LTBI)?
The capsular antigen that enables intracellular survival through inhibition of oxidative processes in phagocytes.
What is the Vi antigen?
The primary antibody mediating mucosal immunity.
What is IgA?
A necessary ability for antibiotics used in the treatment of intracellular bacteria.
What is intracellular penetration?
A selective media used for the culturing of V. cholerae.
What is TCBS agar?
The typical histopathological lesion of TB with immune cells surrounding central necrosis.
What is TB granuloma?
The type of culture that is most useful in prolonged cases treated with antibiotics.
What is bone marrow aspirate culture?
A rare and severe complication of E. coli O157:H7 infection that can lead to kidney failure.
What is hemolytic uremic syndrome?
The two paired samples used for an IgG serology test (fourfold rise in titer is significant).
What are acute and convalescent sera?
An infection that can develop and persist for years, with the intermittent shedding of bacteria.
What is chronic biliary infection?
The four drugs included in the first line of TB treatment.
What are rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol?
A co-infection that is associated with urinary carriage of the bacteria.
What is schistosomiasis?
The primary antibiotic used to treat rickettsial diseases.
What is Doxycycline?
A weakness of M. tuberculosis culture diagnosis and reason to use other diagnostic methods to initiate treatment.
What is slow bacterial growth?
An oral cholera vaccine made with inactivated whole cell V. cholerae O1 combined with recombinant B subunit.
What is Dukoral?
The two serious complications that the BCG vaccine prevents when given to neonates.
What are miliary TB and TB meningitis?
The drug of choice for treatment of non-resistant S. typhi.
What is ceftriaxone?
The two rickettsial diseases that have relapsing forms.
What are Epidemic Typhus and Trench Fever?
The two typhoid vaccines that are available in the US.
What are Ty21a (Vivotif) and ViCPS (Typhim Vi)?