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CH. 16
CH. 7
CH. 8
CH. 12
Bonus Round
100

What are 3 symbiotic relationships?

What is Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism

100

What is a nucleic acid fragment that is produced during the discontinuous synthesis of the lagging strand of DNA?

What is Okazaki fragment

100

What is the difference between mutation and horizontal gene transfer?

What is mutation by means of changing the nucleotide sequence and horizontal transfer is the transfer of DNA by a process other than reproduction

100

Heterotrophic organisms with chitin in their cell wall

What is fungi

100

AUG is known as a _____?

What is a start codon

200

What is the difference between primary pathogen, opportunistic pathogen, and virulence?

What is 

  • Primary pathogen: simply a pathogen; a microorganism or virus that causes disease in otherwise healthy individuals
  • Opportunistic pathogen: opportunistic, causes disease only when the body’s innate or adaptive defenses are compromised or when introduced into an unusual location.
  • Virulence : the degree of pathogenicity of an organism
200

What serves as a translation machine that strings amino acids together to make polypeptides?

What are Ribosomes
200

A change in an organisms _____ alters its _______ because in bacterial cells there is only a single set of genes and this can end up changing its _______ characteristic too.

What is DNA, Genotype, & Phenotype

200

Catch all category of eukaryotes that are usually single called ______

What are protists

200

The 3 ways Normal microbiota excludes pathogens by.

What is 

  • Covering binding sites that might otherwise used for attachment
  • Consuming available nutrients
  • Producing compounds toxic to other bacteria
300

What is a type III secretion system?

What is an Injectisome, is a syringe-like structure that injects proteins into eukaryotic cells.

300

In transcription what enzyme synthesizes single-stranded RNA using DNA as a template?

What is RNA Polymerase

300

What happens in Base Substitution?

What is an occurrence in DNA synthesis when a DNA polymerase incorporates an incorrect nucleotide (base pairs)

300

I use nuturients from dead or decaying matter

what is a saprotroph

300

What do Transposons do?

What are pieces of DNA that can move from one location to another in a cells genome (jumping genes)

400

Why do Mycobacterium tuberculosis cells direct their own engulfment by macrophages?

What is an It allows them to avoid a process that could otherwise lead to macrophage activation. They survive within macrophages that have not been activated

400

What is tRNA?

What is an RNA molecule that interprets genetic code, each one carries specific amino acid dictated by its anticodon

400

What is the difference between Synonymous mutation, Missense mutation, and Nonsense mutation

What is an incorrect nucleotide that creates a codon that encodes the same amino acid, an incorrect nucleotide that creates a codon that codes for a different amino acid, and an incorrect nucleotide that creates a stop codon (aka Knockout mutation)

400

Molds are characterized by intertwind thread like multicellular filaments

What is hyphae

400

Animals that include insects and arachids

What is an anthropod
500

What are the 3 mechanisms pathogens may use to survive within phagocytic cells?

What is Preventing encounters with phagocytes, Avoiding recognition and attachment, and Surviving within phagocytes

500

___ is the process that transmits information from outside a cell to the inside

What is a Signal

500

What do each 5-bromouracil and 2-amino acid purine pair with.

What is Guanine and Cytosine

500

What are the 4 types of helminths 

What is nematods (round worms), platyhelmiths (flatworms), cestodes (tapeworms), and trematodes (flukes)

500

What is the order of events that happen in elongation in translation

What is formation of peptide bond, binding of the second tRNA, translocation of ribosome, binding of the third tRNA