misc
Which one of the following is NOT accurate regarding autophagy
Autophagy directs internal cargo to lysosomes for degradation
Damaged organelles are too large for selective autophagy
First step of both types of autophagy is formation of a double phospholipid layer around cargo.
Trafficking of autophagosomes to lysosomes does not include endosomes.
Which one of the following is NOT accurate regarding autophagy
Damaged organelles are too large for selective autophagy
Which of the following is NOT true regarding clathrin coated vesicles?
In addition to clathrin, they also contain adaptor proteins
They need Dynamin function for budding to be completed
They are involved in post-Golgi vesicular trafficking, but not receptor mediated endocytosis
They lose their clathrin coats before fusion.
Which of the following is NOT true regarding clathrin coated vesicles?
They are involved in post-Golgi vesicular trafficking, but not receptor mediated endocytosis
An extracellular signal initiates a cellular response through binding its receptor
a. intracellular receptor signaling
b. Receptor Tyrosine kinase signaling
c. GPCR signaling
d. All of the above
e. B & C
An extracellular signal initiates a cellular response through binding its receptor
a. intracellular receptor signaling
b. Receptor Tyrosine kinase signaling
c. GPCR signaling
d. All of the above
e. B & C
Cells deficient in mannose 6-phosphate receptors would be expected to secrete lysosomal degradative enzymes
True
False
Cells deficient in mannose 6-phosphate receptors would be expected to secrete lysosomal degradative enzymes
True
False
Which of the following cellular processes is upregulated to survive under low nutrient conditions.
Phagocytosis of bacteria.
Non-selective Autophagy
Receptor down-regulation
Homotypic fusion of lysosomes.
Which of the following cellular processes is upregulated to survive under low nutrient conditions.
Non-selective Autophagy
Why are low density lipoproteins effective in transporting hydrophobic cholesterol ester molecules in the aqueous environment of blood?
Lipoproteins are micelles with hydrophilic heads, and cholesterols are found in their interior.
Lipoproteins have extensive variety of negative charged proteins on their surface which gives them an overall negative charge.
Cholesterol molecules have negatively charged phosphate heads.
LDL's bind to ApoB proteins in the blood and stay soluble.
Why are low density lipoproteins effective in transporting hydrophobic cholesterol ester molecules in the aqueous environment of blood?
Lipoproteins are micelles with hydrophilic heads, and cholesterols are found in their interior.
The small, hydrophobic signal and the receptor interact and bind
a. intracellular receptor signaling
b. Receptor Tyrosine kinase signaling
c. GPCR signaling
d. All of the above
e. B & C
The small, hydrophobic signal and the receptor interact and bind
a. intracellular receptor signaling
b. Receptor Tyrosine kinase signaling
c. GPCR signaling
d. All of the above
e. B & C
Acidification of late endosomes is achieved by Na+/K+ pumps and is important in receptor dissociation from ligands
True
False
Acidification of late endosomes is achieved by Na+/K+ pumps and is important in receptor dissociation from ligands
True
False
What is the order of how G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) cell signaling occurs
1) Effector protein(s) lead to change in gene expression
2) external signal binds cell surface GPCR
3) A second messenger generating/releasing node is activated
4) intracellular signaling cascade is activated downstream
5) conformational change in GPCR
6) Heterotrimeric G-protein alpha subunit is activated by exchange of a GDP for a GTP
What is the order of how G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) cell signaling occurs
1) Effector protein(s) lead to change in gene expression
2) external signal binds cell surface GPCR
3) A second messenger generating/releasing node is activated
4) intracellular signaling cascade is activated downstream
5) conformational change in GPCR
6) Heterotrimeric G-protein alpha subunit is activated by exchange of a GDP for a GTP
2, 5, 6, 3, 4, 1
inside the cell G-proteins on plasma membrane are involved
a. intracellular receptor signaling
b. Receptor Tyrosine kinase signaling
c. GPCR signaling
d. All of the above
e. B & C
inside the cell G-proteins on plasma membrane are involved
a. intracellular receptor signaling
b. Receptor Tyrosine kinase signaling
c. GPCR signaling
d. All of the above
e. B & C
Multivesicular bodies contain ubiquitylated plasma membrane receptors that are targeted for lysosomal degradation to achieve receptor down-regulation as a means of adjusting sensitivity to external signals.
True
False
Multivesicular bodies contain ubiquitylated plasma membrane receptors that are targeted for lysosomal degradation to achieve receptor down-regulation as a means of adjusting sensitivity to external signals.
True
False
Extracellular signal is amplified by generation of intracellular small 2nd messenger molecules
a. intracellular receptor signaling
b. Receptor Tyrosine kinase signaling
c. GPCR signaling
d. All of the above
e. B & C
Extracellular signal is amplified by generation of intracellular small 2nd messenger molecules
a. intracellular receptor signaling
b. Receptor Tyrosine kinase signaling
c. GPCR signaling
d. All of the above
e. B & C
Activated Receptor tyrosine kinase receptor phosphorylates the monomeric G-protein ras.within molecular condensates that form during initial stages of signal transduction.
True
False
Activated Receptor tyrosine kinase receptor phosphorylates the monomeric G-protein ras.within molecular condensates that form during initial stages of signal transduction.
True
False
A kinase cascade leads to slow and fast responses regulating cell growth and cell proliferation
a. intracellular receptor signaling
b. Receptor Tyrosine kinase signaling
c. GPCR signaling
d. All of the above
e. B & C
A kinase cascade leads to slow and fast responses regulating cell growth and cell proliferation
a. intracellular receptor signaling
b. Receptor Tyrosine kinase signaling
c. GPCR signaling
d. All of the above
e. B & C
Calcium and cyclic AMP are non-protein intracellular signaling second messengers that can activate a downstream protein kinase.
True
False
Calcium and cyclic AMP are non-protein intracellular signaling second messengers that can activate a downstream protein kinase.
True
False