Cell Transport
What makes active transport different from passive transport?
How do enzymes affect chemical reactions?
They speed them up by lowering the activation energy
Glycogen and starch are both carbohydrates. What are their main functions?
To provide quick energy
Which organelles are involved in energy conversion?
mitochondria and chloroplasts
All living things are made of
cells
How do large sugar molecules move across the cell membrane?
Facilitated diffusion; from areas of high concentration to low concentration
Enzymes are known as ______ because they speed up chemical reactions.
Catalysts
Enzymes are what type of biomolecule?
Proteins
Where in the cell are proteins modified, sorted, and packaged?
Golgi apparatus
The biggest difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus
A cell with 5% solute concentration is placed in a beaker with a 1% solute concentration. What will happen to the cell over time?
The cell will gain water and expand.
The location where the substrate attaches to the enzyme is called the _______.
Active site.
Which three elements are found in all biomolecules?
CHO
Plant cells have a large membrane-bound spaced filled with watery fluid. This space is called the
central vacuole
True or False: Prokaryotic cells are able to store water in their vacuoles.
False
After diffusion is complete, how will the contents of the two sides of the membrane compare?
They will be equal.
True or false: The active site of enzymes will fit any type of substrate.
False
Two amino acids unite by forming a
peptide bond
Heart cells require a great amount of energy in order to function properly. What organelle would be found in abundance in heart cells?
Mitochondria
What is one thing all types of cells have in common?
genetic material / cell membrane / ribosomes / cytoplasm
A cell with 20% salt concentration is put in a solution with 50% salt concentration. What would you expect to happen to the cell?
The salt will move into the cell, and water will move out, causing the cell to shrivel.
What happens when a protein is denatured?
It loses its shape, and therefore loses its function.
What is the main function of proteins?
Trick question: they don't have one!!
Lactase is the enzyme that helps to break down lactose (milk). Which cell organelle is responsible for making lactase?
Ribosomes
Viruses contain genetic material and are able to evolve, but they require a host to reproduce and they don't have any other characteristic of life. Many scientists argue that viruses are _______.