Foundations of Policing
This era of U.S. policing relied on night watch programs in the North and slave patrols in the South.
Colonial Era
This federal agency investigates violations of federal law and domestic terrorism.
FBI
Name the three core police functions.
Order maintenance, law enforcement, service
Roughly one in how many Americans has annual contact with police?
1/5
The constitutional amendment guarding against unreasonable searches and seizures.
4th
Name the three English roots of American policing.
Limited authority, local control, and fragmented organization
Name two examples of special-jurisdiction police agencies.
Campus police, park rangers, transit police, etc.
This term describes the combination of danger and authority shaping officers’ behavior.
Working personality
Accepting small payoffs like free meals earns an officer this nickname.
Grass eaters
A brief detention requiring reasonable suspicion is called this.
Stop
Which era emphasized crime control, technology, and less community contact?
Professional Model Era
Highway patrol units operate primarily at which level of government?
State-level
Socialization in the academy fosters this sense of group loyalty.
Esprit de corps
Name one accountability mechanism besides internal affairs.
Civilian review board, accreditation (CALEA), or civil liability lawsuit
Evidence seen from a lawful position can be seized under this doctrine.
Plain view doctrine
The “Broken Windows” approach is associated with this era.
Community Policing Era
Customs and Border Protection is housed under which federal department?
Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
Identify one type of job stress officers face that is external to the organization.
Community hostility, public scrutiny, threats of violence, etc.
Section 1983 lawsuits are possible unless officers are protected by what doctrine?
Qualified immunity
Name one recognized exception to the exclusionary rule.
After September 11, 2001, this focus was added to policing priorities.
Homeland security cooperation and evidence-based policing
Sheriffs typically provide law enforcement for what geographic area?
Counties
Name the three policy styles of police departments.
Watchman, legalistic, and service style
What data-driven system deploys officers based on crime trends?
CompStat
The case establishing the need to advise suspects of their rights before custodial interrogation.
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)