After wheat has been harvested, this process separates the bran from the endosperm of each individual kernel.
What is milling?
100
This insect pest reduces wheat grain yields when the larvae eat long strips of green tissue on leaves. Foliar insecticides are available for the pest and may be applied if thresholds are met.
What is the cereal leaf beetle?
100
This gas is a by-product of the electron transport chain. It is released by the plant through its stomata and is used by other organisms for cellular respiration.
What is oxygen?
100
One of the four cardinal temperatures for a crop. It is the coldest temperature at which a crop will grow.
What is the absolute minimum temperature?
100
This is the single most limiting factor to crop production.
What is water?
200
This part of the grain combine gathers, cuts and conveys grain and straw into the combine.
What is the header?
200
These are the only caterpillar found in large numbers on small grains in the southeastern United States. They are pests in wheat from April to mid-May and cause defoliation, especially of the flag leaves.
What are armyworms?
200
A stack of thylakoids within the chloroplast in a plant cell. It closely resembles a stack of coins.
What is a granum?
200
This measurement is used to relate temperature to crop development. It is a measure of heat accumulation over time.
What are growing degree days?
200
These openings in a leaf help regulate transpiration and gas exchange by action of guard cells.
What are stomata?
300
Wheat is a part of the grass family which also includes other agriculturally important crops such as corn, sugarcane, sorghum, and barley.
What is Poaceae family?
300
This wheat disease causes small, circular orange lesions on the leaves’ upper surfaces. Infections are more common in humid, hot weather.
What is leaf rust?
300
The electron transport chain is located within this membrane. The light dependent reactions eventually produce ATP and NADPH.
What is the thylakoid membrane?
300
Plants do this to help dissipate heat, similar to when mammals sweat. It aids transport of water and minerals up from the roots and helps maintain turgor pressure.
What is transpiration?
300
The amount of water that a given soil can hold for crop use.
What is soil water holding capacity?
400
This type of common wheat is usually grown in the southeast United States and it is used for cookies, pastries, and pancakes.
What is soft red winter wheat?
400
This disease is transmitted by aphids to small grains such as wheat. It causes discolored leaves and overall stunting in plants. Sometimes these symptoms can be confused with nutritional problems.
What is the barley yellow dwarf virus?
400
The Calvin cycle uses the ATP and the NADPH from the electron transport chain to produce glucose. It takes this many runs of the cycle to produce one glucose molecule.
What is 6?
400
This climatic condition is when a there is a reversal of normal behavior of temperature in the atmosphere in which a layer of cool air at the surface is below a layer of warmer air.
What is a temperature inversion?
400
These type of plants generally require much less water to perform photosynthesis and develop. Some agriculturally important plants from this group include corn, sorghum, and sugarcane.
What are C4 plants?
500
Winter wheat will produce many individual stems with at least three leaves during the fall. Each of these individual stems will produce the largest seed heads and contribute the most to overall yield.
What are tillers?
500
This insect pest recently became more of a pest in North Carolina because growers are increasingly planting wheat earlier, planting wheat directly after soybeans, and using wheat as a cover crop in cotton and peanut production.
What is the Hessian fly?
500
C4 plants have adapted to be more efficient at photosynthesis at higher temperatures. They separate CO2 fixation and the Calvin cycle spatially. In a C4 plant, the Calvin cycle takes place in this type of cells.
What are bundle shealth cells?
500
This type of freeze occurs when a cold air mass moves into an area bringing freezing temperatures. A grower has limited options for crop protection.
What is an advective (windborne) freeze?
500
These types of plants have adaptations to reduce water loss such as sunken stomatas, leaves with minimal surface area, and waxy leaf cuticles for preventing evaporation.