Science/Math
Back when radium paint was used to make luminous watches, the sulfide of this element was typically used with the paint. An ion of this element is central to both carbonic anhydrase [“an-HIDE-race”] and alcohol dehydrogenase [dee-“hi”-DRAH-juhn-“ace”]. This metal is in the calamine [KAL-uh-“mine”] mineral, which contains both its carbonate and its silicate [SILL-ih-“Kate”]. The pyrithione [pir-ih-THY-ohn] of this element is used to treat skin conditions, including dandruff. To prevent the rusting of steel or iron, a coating of this element is applied, which is called galvanization. This element usually makes up about one-third of brass, with most of the rest being copper. Name this metal whose atomic symbol is “Zn”.
zinc [accept Zn before the end]
Just after this U.S. president’s inauguration, he signed a prohibition against torture and an order saying that the Guantanamo Bay detention center would close within a year, though it stayed open. This president later signed the Dodd–Frank Act, creating the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. This president’s American Recovery and Reinvestment Act was passed in response to the Great Recession. This president approved the raid that killed Osama bin Laden. Name this president who defeated John McCain and Mitt Romney and who was America’s first Black president.
Barack (Hussein) Obama (II)
When a man in this play is asked whether his “tardy master” is “now at hand”, he replies “Nay, he’s at two hands with me, and that my two ears can witness.” In this play, that question is asked by a woman who had been arguing with her sister Luciana about whether a woman should serve her husband. That woman, Adriana, eventually uses the conjurer Doctor Pinch. The man who answers her question is one of two slaves in this play named Dromio. Name this play by William Shakespeare that revolves around the confusion between the two slave masters, who are twin brothers each named Antipholus [an-TIFF-uh-luss].
Answer: The Comedy of Errors
While it’s not tithing, the Catholic Church views an action of Melchizedek as an important precursor of this practice. The Wittenberg Concord represented an attempt to merge many Protestant views about how to carry out this practice. This is the most common practice in which an epiclesis invokes the Holy Spirit. Receptionism and (*) memorialism are two views about what is theologically occurring in this practice. The doctrine of transubstantiation concerns this practice. This practice is based on a time when Jesus said “This is my body” and “This is my blood.” For 10 points, name this Christian rite that involves sacramental bread and wine.
The Eucharist ACCEPT: Holy Communion or Lord’s Supper or any descriptions like taking the communion
This composer replaced the third movement minuet of his first symphony with a scherzo [SKAIRT-soh] that was part of the String Octet in E-flat major this composer wrote when he was 16. This composer’s overture starting with two eighth notes, two 16th notes, and two quarter notes was inspired by Fingal’s Cave. That overture, The Hebrides [HEH-bruh-dees], was inspired by the same trip that inspired this composer’s Scottish symphony. Another work by this composer is often combined with a piece from Richard Wagner’s [REEK-hart VAHG-nur’z] Lohengrin [LOH-en-grin]. Name this composer whose “Wedding March” is taken from his incidental music for A Midsummer Night’s Dream.
(Jakob) Felix Mendelssohn (Bartholdy)
In 1799, one of these events was seen because Aimé Bonpland [eh-may “bone”-plahn] got a concussion while traveling with Alexander von Humboldt. These events are measured by their zenithal [ZEE-nuh-thul] hourly rate. The point that these events seem to come from is called the radiant, and with an altered suffix, these events are named for the constellation the radiant is located in. These events occur when Earth passes through the path of a comet. The Swift–Tuttle comet is responsible for one of these events that takes place in August, called the Perseids. Name these events during which a lot of so-called “shooting stars” can be seen.
meteor showers [accept meteoroid showers]
This country had a ruler who became its king when he was born in 1886. People in this country eventually called that king “the African” because he spent money on the Rif [reef] War. After that king fled this country in 1931, its monarchy was not restored until 1975. The post-World War II leader of this country was sometimes called the “last surviving fascist dictator”, belonged to the Falange [fuh-LAHN-hay] Party, and was named Francisco Franco. During this country’s civil war, Franco received help from Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini. Name this modern European country located where Isabella I of Castile [ka-STEEL] and Ferdinand II of Aragon once ruled.
(Kingdom of) Spain [or (Reino de) España]
One character in this novel has the real name “Theodore”, but he does not like it because of the nickname “Dora”. In this novel, that character’s grandfather says that they can go to London while John Brooke takes care of their business at home. That offer is made in this novel by Mr. Laurence after his grandson’s marriage proposal is rejected. Later in this novel, that woman marries Professor Bhaer, and her older sister marries John Brooke. While in Europe, the youngest sister in this novel sees Mr. Laurence and his grandson, Laurie. Name this novel about Amy, Beth, Jo, and Meg March that was written by Louisa May Alcott.
Little Women
Rudolf Aquaviva gave one holder of this title a Polyglot Bible; that took place at the Ibadan Khana that that holder of this title built, where he discussed the concept of sulh-i-kul. The Roshaniya religious movement was suppressed by holders of this title. Very hot sand was reportedly poured onto Arjan on the orders of both a holder of this title and Chandu Shah; another holder of this title also ordered the killing of (*) Tegh Bahadur. One holder of this title created the religion of Din-i Ilahi after discussions between Hindus, Zoroastrians, and members of other religions at Fatehpur Sikri. For ten points, name this title held by Aurangzeb and Akbar, rulers of a certain Indian empire.
Mughal emperor ACCEPT: Mughal shahanshah or anything with Moghul instead of Mugha
As a performer on this instrument, Timofei Dokschitzer [DOK-sheet-zur] popularized Alexander Arutiunian’s [ah-roo-CHOO-nee-un’z] concerto [“con-CHAIR-toe”] for it. Other noted performers of that concerto on this instrument are Tine [TEE-nuh] Thing Helseth and Maurice André. The first famous performer on this instrument was Anton Weidinger [VY-ding-ur], for who Joseph Haydn [“HIGH”-dun] wrote his last concerto, in E-flat major. This brass instrument has a shallow, bowl shaped mouthpiece, which is one difference between it and the cornet. Old versions of this instrument are similar to the modern bugle. Name this high brass instrument that now has valves but historically did not.
: trumpets
Give this term for the number of distinct digits in a number notation system. Its powers are used to determine place values.
base or radix
In 1948, this country’s presidential candidate Jorge Eliécer Gaitán [HOR-hay eh-lee-AY-sir gy-TAHN] was assassinated, leading to an unstable decade in which hundreds of thousands of people were killed. This country’s Common Alternative Revolutionary Force is the successor organization to a Marxist–Leninist guerrilla group that was part of a conflict in this country that also involved right-wing paramilitaries and the government for many decades. That group, which made money through kidnapping ransoms and cocaine, was this country’s FARC. This South American country used to control what is now Panama. Name this country whose capital is Bogotá.
(Republic of) Colombia [accept (República de) Colombia]
In this novel, Pierre requests peasant clothes and a pistol so he can attempt an assassination. In this novel, Pierre also fights a duel when he suspects his wife Hélène [eh-len] of being unfaithful, and he leaves her for a woman who had broken off her engagement to Prince Andrei. This novel describes the marriage of Pierre Bezukhov to Natasha Rostova, who had been loved by Andrew Bolkonski. The wedding occurs in this novel after Pierre became a war prisoner, ending his assassination plan against Napoleon. Name this novel by Leo Tolstoy about the French invasion of Russia
War and Peace [or Voyna ee mir
An argument that this action should be done equally to eight groups of recipients was advanced by Shafi’i. Although the Ridda Wars stemmed from preëxisting tensions, disagreement on how to perform this action started them. A smaller form of this action is traditionally done a few days before (*) Eid al-Fitr. People who do not have nisab are not obligated to perform this action. Sadaqat, while similar to this action, differs from it in that it is not mandatory to perform. The results of this action are collected by the state in Saudi Arabia, among other countries. For 10 points, name this action, one of the pillars of Islam, that involves giving money to those who need it.
zakat ACCEPT: almsgiving or donation to charity or other descriptive equivalents PROMPT: help or aid or charity
. During a premiere performance of one of this composer’s works in London, the audience laughed during the bassoon part of Symphonies of Wind Instruments. This student of Nikolai Rimsky–Korsakov used the octatonic scale in several pieces, including Symphony of Psalms. This composer’s fame is based to some extent on ballets he wrote for Sergei Diaghilev [dee-AH-guh-leff], including one in which a girl dances herself to death. Another ballet by this composer depicts three puppets whose jealousies lead them to murder. Name this Russian composer of Petrushka and The Rite of Spring.
Igor (Fyodorovich) Stravinsky
This name is given to shapes that exhibit self-similarity and have a fine structure so that these shapes have the same level of complexity at all scales.
fractals
This dynasty established the Canghai [CHAHNG-“hi”] commandery when it controlled part of the Korean peninsula after the reigns of Wen and Jing. This dynasty sent Zhang Qian [CHEE-en] on diplomatic missions that can be considered the opening of the Silk Road. It is common for Chinese people to name the characters in their alphabet after this dynasty. An interregnum from this dynasty was eventually ended when Liu Xiu [lyoo shyoo] gained control from a leader supported by the Red Eyebrows in 25 CE. Name this dynasty that ruled between the Qin [chin] dynasty and the Three Kingdoms.
Han dynasty
This person wrote “You built for them a temple in hearing” as the last line in the first poem in his collection of 55 sonnets. This person wrote the advice “Nobody can advise you and help you, nobody” in a letter to Franz Xaver Kappus that was published in a collection after this person died. This poet wrote “Every angel is terrifying” in a collection that was delayed by this writer’s service in World War I. In that work, this poet asks “Who, if I cried out, would hear me among the Angelic Orders?”. This poet wrote that poem in a castle near the Adriatic Sea. Name this writer of Letters to a Young Poet, Sonnets to Orpheus, and the Duino Elegies.
(René Karl Wilhelm Johann Josef) Rainer Maria Rilke
The book of Enoch claims that the place Azazel where a goat is sent in this book is the name of a fallen angel; that goat from this book is the origin of the English term scapegoat. In this book, because they tried to burn their offerings with profane fire, the older brothers of Eleazar and Ithamar are killed by God’s fire; they are named (*) Nadab and Abihu. Chapters 18 and 20 of this book list supposed Biblical injunctions about homosexuality as part of its Holiness Code, in addition to its Priestly Code. For 10 points, name this Biblical book that takes place before the Israelites leave Mt. Sinai but after the Tabernacle is built, the third book of the Torah.
Leviticus ACCEPT: Vayikra
ld oughta get.” At the end of this musical, the female lead reprises a song with the lyrics “There’s a time for us, someday a time for us.” The part she sings at the end of this musical is “Hold my hand and I’ll take you there, / Somehow, Someday, Somewhere.” In addition to “Gee, Officer Krupke”, this musical includes the song “America”, which is sung by Anita and several other Puerto Rican immigrants. Name this Leonard Bernstein musical about the rivalry between the Sharks and the Jets, two gangs in New York City.
West Side Story
One material that takes advantage of this phenomenon is polyvinyl alcohol plastic that has been doped with iodine. Because cordierite [KOR-dee-uh-“rite”] enhances this phenomenon, it can be used to locate the Sun when the Sun is hidden. An angle used for this phenomenon equals the arctangent of the ratio of indices of refraction. This phenomenon exists when a transverse wave lacks rotational symmetry. Intensity is multiplied by the squared cosine of an angle to quantify this phenomenon in Malus’s law. Name this phenomenon caused by reflection at Brewster’s angle, in which a transverse wave vibrates in a single direction.
(linear) polarization [accept polarized or polarizing]
In 2011, Yemen’s Tawakkol Karman [TAH-wahk-kawl KAR-mun] shared a Nobel Peace Prize with two women from this country. One of those women was Leymah Gbowee [LAY-muh BOH-ee], who helped end this country’s civil war in 2003. The other woman from this country, who in 2006 became the first elected female head of state in Africa, was Ellen Johnson Sirleaf. Sirleaf has been succeeded by a soccer star from this country, George Weah [WEE-uh]. This country had even more deaths than its neighbors Guinea and Sierra Leone [lee-OHN] during the Ebola virus epidemic that ended in 2016. Name this country that started out as a project of the American Colonization Society, which is why its capital is named Monrovia.
(Republic of) Liberia
In one novel by this author, a man says of his son, “If he is not the word of God, God never spoke.” In much of that novel, this author depicts the man and his son traveling with a supermarket cart and trying to avoid cannibals. In another novel by this author, the sheriff of Terrell County is a World War II veteran who tries to protect Carla Jean. That sheriff is Ed Tom Bell, and in a novel by this author, Bell protects Carla Jean after her husband Anton Chigurh [chih-GUR] finds the aftermath of a drug deal gone bad in the Texas desert. Name this author of The Road and No Country for Old Men.
(Charles) Cormac McCarthy (Jr.)
Members of this religion are believed to have signed the Pact of Time Custodian in their past lives. This religion is represented by a five-colored symbol depicting their idea of the relationship between the mind and the soul. Members of this religion who do not have access to the sacred texts are called The Ignorant Ones, in contrast to the (*) Knowledgeable Initiates. This religion identifies Shuayb with its chief prophet Jethro. Its holy text is the Epistles of Wisdom, showing its descent from Ismaili Islam. For 10 points, name this Middle Eastern religion with the five pointed multi-colored star as a symbol, found in Syria, Israel, and Lebanon.
Druze. ACCEPT: Al-Muwahhidun
In 1892, this artist was commissioned to paint a series of pictures for a brothel and made several paintings of the prostitutes during quiet moments, such as Le Lit [lee], which is also called The Bed. A lithograph by this artist shows Yvette Guilbert [geel-bair] performing for an audience that includes Jane Avril at the title location, which is Divan Japonais [zhah-poh-nay]. In another painting by this artist, the lit-up face of May Milton is shown on the right, and the middle of the picture shows people sitting at a table at a cabaret. Name this French painter who made many posters showing dancers and cabarets, including At the Moulin Rouge [moo-lan roozh].
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec [awn-ree duh too-loos loh-trek]