All about the labs!
How many different blood types are there?
4 (A, AB, B, O)
What is the number one way you as the nurse can educate you sickle cell patient regarding prevention of a sickle cell crisis
HYDRATION HYDRATION HYDRATION!
What are the two components that make up blood
Formed elements and plasma
A patient with what diagnosis would you want to move carefully because it could cause potential fractures
Multiple myeloma
How often do you take vital signs after you start a blood transfusion
every 5 minutes for first 15 minutes
What two lab tests help determine abnormalities in clotting
PT/INR
APTT
Name two foods high in iron that will help your anemic patient make more RBCs
kidney beans, cooked prunes, cooked shrimp, egg yolks, raisins, spinach and green leafy vegetables, turkey
Which organ initiates blood cell production?
Kidneys (makes erythropoietin which prompts erythrocyte production in bone marrow)
What is a patient with Thrombocytopenia most at risk for and why?
bleeding (low platelets = inability to clot effectively)
What type of solution is hung with blood products in case of a transfusion reaction
0.9% Normal Saline
What is the normal total leukocyte range for an adult?
The normal adult laboratory range for total leukocytes (WBCs) is 4500 to 11,000/mm3
What type of anemia is hydroxyurea used for and what does it do to RBCs
Sickle cell anemia
Makes RBC larger, rounder and more flexible
What are the three WBC granulocytes
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
What is the best treatment for polycythemia vera?
The release of what bodily compound causes the yellowing of eyes in severely anemic patients?
Bilirubin
What is the normal platelet count in an adult
150,000 to 450,000
Give me two ways you can treat aplastic anemia?
Iron supplements, Vitamins, Diet adjustment, Blood transfusion, Vitamin B12
What is the primary purpose of platelets?
Platelets provide the first line of protection to prevent bleeding by promoting clotting when the wall of a blood vessel has been damaged.
What are two things you should aid in preventing when caring for a patient with leukemia
Potential for infection
Abnormal bleeding
Anemia
Nutritional alteration with severe anorexia and weight loss
Increased levels of uric acid in the urine and blood (due to chemotherapy)
Psychosocial problems related to the effects of the disease as well as the prescribed treatment
Why is excessive physical activity and sports discouraged with sickle cell patients
Increases the bodies O2 demand which leads to increase in sickling cells and clumping together
What is the normal range for an adult hemoglobin level?
12 - 18 g/dL
Give me one sign/symptom of anemia from each body system below:
eyes, skin, cardiac, respiratory, GI, musculoskeletal, neuro
Eyes- blurred vision, eye yellowing, retinal hemorrhage
Skin- pallor, jaundice, pail nail beds/mucous membranes, brittle nails
Cardiovascular- palpitations, tachycardia, murmurs, CHF, MI
uRespiratory- tachypnea, orthopnea, dyspnea
Gastrointestinal- anorexia, enlarged liver/spleen, difficulty swallowing
Musculoskeletal- bone pain, leg cramps, weakness
Neurologic- Headache, dizziness, impaired thinking, fatigue, insomnia
Give me three functions of blood
Transportation of water, oxygen, nutrients, hormones, enzymes, and medications to the cells
Transportation of carbon dioxide and other waste products away from the cells
Regulation of fluid volume and electrolyte distribution
Regulation of pH and acid-base balance with its buffering ability
Regulation of body temperature
Providing clotting factors for hemostasis
What is an x-linked disorder that would require prophylactic treatment prior to an invasive procedure
hemophilia
what disorder causes excessive clotting followed by diminished clotting factors
DIC