CNS
These viruses are the most common cause of viral meningitis, presenting with symptoms such as headache, fever, and nuchal rigidity between May and November in the Western Hemisphere.
What are enteroviruses?
Mild cellulitis or erysipelas without systemic symptoms is treated with empiric oral therapy targeting this group of bacteria.
What are streptococci?
This bacterium accounts for only 5% to 15% of CAP infections requiring hospitalization, while rates of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacteriaceae are rising.
What is Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Infections in nonpregnant individuals without structural or neurologic abnormalities are categorized under this term.
What is uncomplicated urinary tract infection?
Term for objects or materials which are able to transmit infection if contaminated
Fomite (accept fomes)
This virus is the most common cause of recurrent meningitis and can occur year-round.
What is herpes simplex virus 2?
This treatment approach is essential for deeper necrotizing soft tissue infections presenting with bullae or desquamation.
What is surgical debridement?
This spirochete responsible for Lyme disease requires an Ixodes scapularis tick to attach for at least 36 hours for transmission
What is Borrelia burgdorferi?
These infections in men, pregnant persons, or those with comorbidities or foreign bodies are labeled with this term, influencing antimicrobial therapy and investigation
What are complicated urinary tract infections?
Name for measles infection in patients with preexisting but incompletely protective anti-measles antibody
Modified Measles
This neuroinvasive virus can cause acute flaccid paralysis, potentially leading to persistent weakness or death
What is West Nile virus?
This treatment is the primary method for managing uncomplicated abscesses, furuncles, and carbuncles.
What is incision and drainage?
This hallmark skin finding in early localized Lyme disease appears at the site of tick attachment and does not require confirmatory lab testing.
What is erythema migrans ?
The presence of this alone is not an indication for urine culture or antimicrobial treatment in cases of asymptomatic bacteriuria.
What is pyuria?
Systemic reaction to endotoxin-like products released by the death of harmful microorganisms following initiation of antibiotic treatment
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
For bacterial meningitis diagnosis, this test is positive in 60% to 90% of cases and is preferred over latex agglutination for bacterial antigens.
What is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Gram stain or multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay? the CSF Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen detection test and a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay are preferred over latex agglutination testing for bacterial antigens.
Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome is treated with these two medications
What are penicillin and clindamycin?
This infection caused by an intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite is characterized by hemolytic anemia as a hallmark feature
What is babesiosis?
This antibiotic is one of the preferred first-line treatments for uncomplicated cystitis, with a standard duration of 5 days.
What is nitrofurantoin?
Bacterial species associated with bacillary angiomatosis
Bartonella
Empiric antibiotic therapy for suspected bacterial meningitis in patients older than 50 years includes these medications.
What are ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and vancomycin?
In bite wound management, this assessment is crucial to determine whether the patient requires prophylaxis for specific life-threatening infections
What are tetanus and rabies?
This non-Lyme rash illness, often clinically indistinguishable from early Lyme disease
What is Southern tick–associated rash illness?
Often treated with doxycycline, however, it is uncertain if treatment for STARI is necessary or beneficial.
This class of antibiotics is avoided in severely ill patients with complicated pyelonephritis due to resistance concerns.
What are fluoroquinolones? (including ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin)
Antibiotic treatment of choice for infection with the waterborne intestinal protozoan Cyclospora cayetanensis
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole