Race & Economy
Distribution is _____
the way total output, income, or wealth is spread among individuals or among the factors of production (labor, land, capital)
Terrorism, poll taxes, literacy tests
What was redlining?
The practice of banks denying mortgage loans for homes in non-white neighborhoods
The SCOTUS (Supreme Court of the United States) case that used social scientific evidence to argue that schools were separate but unequal was which case?
Brown v Board of Education (1954)
According to the Massey & Denton Reading, what causes spatially concentrated poverty?
Which program did President Franklin D. Roosevelt create during the Great Depression?
New Deal
Name the two exemptions for literacy tests
Grandfather clause
"Good moral character"
Not In My Backyard
The two common misconceptions about Affirmative Action are ______
1. people believe that affirmative action is about racial quotas
2. people believe that race-blind admissions policies are fair
According to the Cobb reading, why are American schools still so highly segregated 60 years post-Brown v Board of Education?
Because neighborhood are still racially segregated and residential segregation directly influences school segregation
What is the difference between income & wealth?
Income is renewal money/salaries earned from employment, retirement, or government.
Wealth comes from owned assets that accrue value over time (e.g., stocks & bonds, savings accounts, home ownership)
Describe the "packing" technique for gerrymandering
Packing: concentrating your opponents' voters into one or two districts so they win only those districts and you win everything else
The Fair Housing Act had another name. What was it?
Civil Rights Act of 1968
Who were the Little Rock Nine?
9 Black teens selected by NAACP to integrate Little Rock Central High School in Arkansas
According to the Farley & Squires reading, what type of neighborhoods are White people more likely to prefer? Black people?
White people prefer to live in neighborhoods with mostly white residents
Black people prefer to live in neighborhoods with an equal mix of White & Black residents
Dairy industry (resulted in over 1 billion pounds of cheese in caves in Missouri)
There were two acts that were passed in the mid-1960s that functionally ended Jim Crow. What were they?
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Voting Rights Act of 1965
If Milwaukee has a Latine-White index of dissimilarity score of 0.65, what does this mean? (You must use the correct language)
65% of White people would need to move to a different neighborhood in order to achieve complete integration
What was Booker T. Washington's Atlanta Compromise?
He advocated to Southern White elites and said that Black Americans should not have full access to political power or higher education, but they should be provided with basic, industrial education as long as White people stop lynching them.
According to Desmond & Emirbayer, how did the end of industrialization influence the racial wealth gap?
Jobs in the North closed as factories closed. Since mostly people of color worked in these jobs, they were the hardest hit and struggled the most to find alternative job opportunities
What is a Historical Racial Regime?
A measure of contemporary racial wealth inequality by measuring which states had a history of institutional racism (i.e., slavery and Jim Crow)
There were two strategies that the Nixon administration learned from the Southern Strategy. Name them.
1. Opposing racial justice movements increases support among white voters
2. You can promote white supremacy, but never do it explicitly. Use terms like "states' rights" or "law & order"
Describe the context and difference between white flight and white fight.
White flight: the phenomenon of white residents moving out of the city to the suburbs beginning in the 1950s as more non-White people moved into their neighborhoods
White fight: when working-class white families (usually poor white people & European immigrants) who couldn't afford to leave tried to ward off families of color with intimidation, protests, and violence
How do cultural and social capital influence one another?
The more you show what you know, the more your network grows (opening the doors to new opportunities).
Depending on who you know, they can get you a job/opportunity wherein you learn what you need to know
According to the Problem We All Live With podcast, what is the best way to close the Black-White achievement gap in school?
School integration is the strongest tool to close the educational achievement gap between children of different races