Racial or Ethnic Identity?
White
What is a racial identity?
"Honestly, I’ve never really thought of myself as Asian. I just see myself as American, like everyone else."
What is conformity?
He was the first Black psychiatrist appointed as a consultant in this national health service.
What is NHS?
According to Cogan et al., broaching is best understood as this kind of ongoing process.
What is developmental?
This 2023 article by Gaines, Constantino, Kmetz, and Boswell studied how this patient characteristic relates to experiences and attitudes toward therapist referral or assignment.
What is race/ethnicity?
Nigerian
What is an ethnic identity?
"I know not all White people are the same, and I’m trying to understand how to stay true to my culture while working in mostly White spaces."
What is Introspection?
Aggrey Burke led family support efforts following this racially charged tragedy in 1981.
What is New Cross Fire?
One of the key training components Cogan et al. advocate for, involving modeling behavior for residents.
What is supervisor modeling?
The study investigated patients’ experiences and attitudes about being referred or assigned to this type of healthcare professional.
What is a therapist?
American
What is neither a racial or ethnic identity?
"My identity as a Black woman is important to me, but I also value connecting with people from all backgrounds to create change."
What is integrative awareness?
Burke co-authored a 1986 study exposing racism in admissions to these institutions.
This tool, endorsed by Cogan et al., helps clinicians explore cultural factors during assessment.
What is the DSM-5 Cultural Formulation Interview?
According to Gaines et al. (2023), patients’ attitudes toward therapist assignment may be influenced by this broader sociocultural factor.
What is race or ethnicity?
Japanese
What is an ethnic identity?
"I don’t trust White therapists. They’ll never understand what it’s like to walk through the world in my skin."
What is resistance and immersion?
Burke critiqued the overuse of this diagnosis among Black men in psychiatric settings.
What is schizophrenia?
In the broaching behavior continuum, this category reflects intentional and meaningful integration of REC issues.
What is integrated--congruent?
One of the key focuses of the 2023 study was the impact of patients’ race/ethnicity on their experiences with this specific process involving therapists.
What is therapist referral or assignment?
Black Caribbean American
What is a both racial and ethnic identity?
"I used to think racism wasn’t real, but after what happened to me at work, I’m starting to question everything I believed."
What is dissonance?
The term for the term for sending someone to their native country, often involuntarily, that Dr. Burke illuminated the negative psychological consequences of.
Cogan et al. suggest that this kind of data enhances trainee ability to broach REC topics in a relational and effective way.
What is historical and group specific cultural context?
Gaines et al. (2023) discussed this potential barrier to effective therapy that arises when patient and therapist differences in this area are present.
What is cultural/racial/ethnic mismatch?