Unit 1
The belief that different races possess inherent, immutable, and fixed biological traits.
What is racial essentialism?
A process by which settlers exercise colonial rule over a land and its indigenous peoples,
What is settler colonialism?
One of the Largest forced migrations in human history
Transatlantic slave trade
The free labor of transatlantic slavery was replaced with this form of coerced labor from these countries.
What is indentured labor largely from India and China?
This term stands to replace the geographic region often referred to as the 'Middle East'
What is South-West Asia?
The notion that race has no basis in reality, neither biological nor social.
What is race as an illusion?
A form of colonial exploitation focused on rapidly removing natural resources—such as minerals, timber, or cash crops—for export to a mother country,
What is extractive colonialism?
The 1857 Dred Scott v. Sandford decision held this
What is, that American citizenship did not extend to people of black African descent.
Push and pull factors of migration may include these considerations.
What are considerations such as economic turmoil, natural disasters, working conditions, war, economic prosperity...etc
These Caribbean islands are U.S territories
What are Puerto Rico and the U.S Virgin Islands?
These two scholars argue that race is a concept, a representation or signification of identity that refers to different types of human bodies, to the perceived corporeal and phenotypic markers of difference and the meanings and social practices that are ascribed to these differences.
This Spanish historian claimed that "the despotic and diabolical behavior of the Christians has, over the last forty years, led to the unjust and totally unwarranted deaths of more than twelve million souls, women and children among them” (12)
Who is Bartolomé de las Casas?
Jamaican scholar Stuart Hall developed this term to describe the malleable and fluid indicators of racial identity
What is sliding-signifier?
These two wars significantly influenced Chinese migration in the 19th centuries.
What are the opium wars?
This concept posited that the human races were biologically distinct species
What is Polygenism?
In Discourse on Colonialism, Martician scholar Aime Cesaire argues this that colonialism does this to the colonizer.
What is brutalizes/dehumanizes the colonizer?
Together, these three concepts comprise the theory of double-consciousness.
What is the veil, two-ness, and second sight?
In the text Race and Arab Americans Before and After 9/11, Louis Cainker asks herself if policies that target persons from two continents, three world regions, and through their messiness incorporate persons from three major religions, be considered racist and part of a racialization project? Her response is this
What is, yes, because the targets of these policies are categories of humans constructed on the basis of essentialized understandings?
The notion that race is a master category argues this
What is "since transatlantic slavery race has become the template of both difference and inequality.”
The definition of genocide according to Article II of the 1948 United Nations Genocide Convention is this
specific acts committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group.
What is blood quantum and the one-drop rule?
The theory of middle-man minorities is problematic for these reasons.
What are reasons dealing with racialized essentialism, oversimplification..etc