Racism: A Social Determinant of Health
Efforts to classify racism as a social determinant of health are driven by (name one).
1. Recognition of the influence of structural/cultural racism on health outcomes
OR
2. Interest in "place-based" differences in health
OR
3. A rise in big data
What has been the overall recent trend for infant mortality for black infants in the past 100 years? (i.e it has been increasing, stayed consistent, has been decreasing)
It has been decreasing. There has been a downward trend during the past 5 decades among all races in regards to infant mortality.
The type of racism that is includes institutional laws, policies, and practices
What is Structural Racism
According to the 2020 census, majority of individuals identifying as Black live in the Northern region of the United States.
False, majority live in the Southern region of the United States
In the preconception stage, what may OT’s do to help mothers with infant mortality?
Educate on both lifestyle changes and importance of health.
Stereotyping would fall under this component of cultural racism.
Dominant ideological attitudes
As described in the video, stress and ________ ______ are two significant factors impacting infant mortality in the United States
systemic racism
The type of racism that includes the dominant beliefs/attitudes in society
What is Cultural Racism
African American women with high levels of education have the same amount of risk as white women when it comes to infant mortality.
False. African American mothers with a college degree have worse birth outcomes than white mothers without a high school education.
During the prenatal stage, what can OT's provide to help pregnancy?
Pain, anxiety and fatigue management techniques.
Also can provide equipment recommendations if needed and suggest environmental modifications
Increased psychosocial stress may lead to (name one).
1. Physical disregulation
OR
2. Poor health behaviors
What is redlining? Does it still exist today?
Definition: Federal government marked predominantly black neighborhoods as “hazardous investment areas”; this made mortgages less accessible to black homeowners and opened way for unfair and predatory lending practices
Argued to still exist in different forms (i.e., gentrification); impact still present
The type of racism that includes internalized beliefs, implicit biases, and outward expressions of racism/prejudice
What is Personally-Mediated Racism
Occupational Therapists do not play a large role in pre-birth stages.
FALSE
During the intra-partum stage (stage between labor and delivery), what is the role of an OT?
Provide stress management and relaxation techniques.
Area-level prejudice is relevant to health outcomes in these two ways.
1. Enables discriminatory actions of prejudiced individuals
2. Is a predictor of wider contexts that influence health outcomes
What are two examples of institutional laws in the United States which have connections to racism and inequalities?
Possible answers:
-Jim Crow Laws
-Mississippi Voting Laws
-Immigration Laws
Racism can cause ____ which is linked to the increased risk of infant mortality
What is Chronic Stress
White infants have the lowest rate of mortality among all races in the United States.
False, non-Hispanic Asian infants have the lowest rate (3.7 per 1,000 births).
During the post-partum, what can an OT provide to help mothers?
Specifically help with traumatic births, but can provide information, equipment and support to ensure skills and confidence to care for baby.
Disrupted trust, reciprocity, and social support are results of these two social contexts.
1. Decreased community social capital
2. Community climate and social norms
Which states in the 1900's had the highest rates of infant mortality (list two)?
Possible answers:
Arkansas
Louisiana
Mississippi
Alabama
Georgia
South Carolina
North Carolina
West Virginia
Nevada
Hawaii
How does racism and chronic stress cause infant mortality?
When stress hormones reach a certain level they may help trigger premature labor. Stress can also constrict blood flow to the placenta, which could limit fetal growth. Chronic stress may also contribute to serious inflammation inside the uterus.
Inequities in healthcare are primarily driven by prejudiced social, political, socio-economic, and physical contexts.
True - larger prejudiced contexts enable prejudiced personally-mediated actions and beliefs.
After 1 year post-op, what do OT’s work to promote?
Physical health, mental health, and confidence in performance skills.