CHEST
What structures are associated with the Mediastinum?
1. Heart
2. great vessels
3. trachea
4. esophagus
5. thymus
6. lymphatics
7. nerves
8. fibrous tissue
9. fat.
Where is the APEX of the lungs located?
Sits above the clavicles. (TOP OF THE LUNG)
How do we know a PA chest Xray is properly positioned?
1. Scapulas are out of the lung field
2. 10 posterior ribs in profile
3. SC joint is symmetrical.
What is position?
Refers to patients placement of the body (supine,prone,decubitus,RAO,LAO,RPO,LPO)
Describe the Midsagittal Plane.
divides body into equal right/left halves
What happens to the Diaphragm during INSPIRATION?
Moves INFERIORLY.
Where is the base of the lungs located?
Rests obliquely to the diaphragm (BOTTOM OF LUNG).
Why must patients take a deep breath in during a chest xray?
To ensure expansion of the lungs
Describe Sthenic Body Habitus.
1. 50% of population
2. moderately heavy build. long abdomen, short thorax, small pelvis.
Describe the Midcoronal Plane.
Divides body into Anterior/Posterior halves.
What happens to the Diaphragm during EXPIRATION?
Moves SUPERIORLY.
What are the lungs?
Organs of respiration.
What is the best criterion to determine whether rotation exists on a Lateral Chest Radiograph?
Posterior ribs and lungs are superimposed.
Describe Hyposthenic Body Habitus
1. 35% of population
2. mix between sthenic and asthenic. most difficult body habitus to classify.
An effective way to determine if the PA chest Radiograph is rotated is?
1. The asymmetric appearance of the SC joint
What is: The deep recess of the partial pleura?
Costophrenic Angle.
Why is the right lung 1 inch shorter then the left lung?
spaced is occupied by the liver.
What is the SID for chest xrays, and why do we use this SID?
1. 72 inch SID
2. to reduce magnification of the heart
3. air/fluid levels and move diaphragm to lowest position.
Describe Asthenic Body Habitus.
1. 10% of population
2. frail build. short abdomen, long thorax, wide pelvis.
A patient has a Left-sided pleural effusion as demonstrated on a PA chest. The radiologist wants an additional view to demonstrate fluid levels. What position would be best to demonstrate this condition?
Left Lateral Decubitus.
What is: Elongated tracheal cartilage. At this structure the trachea divides into two lesser tubes which are the primary bronchi's. one bronchi enters the right lung, one bronchi enters the left lung?
Carina.
Why is the right lung broader then the left lung?
Due to the location of the heart.
What is Projection?
The way the Xray beam passes through the patient's body. (AP,PA,OBLIQUE,LATERAL)
Describe Hypersthenic Body Habitus?
1. 5% of population
2. Massive build. long abdomen. short thorax. Narrow pelvis.
What is the Central Ray Location for a PA or Lateral Chest Projection?
PA: Perpendicular, Enters at level of T7 (inferior scapula)
Lateral: Perpendicular, Enters Midcoronal plane at level of T7 (inferior scapula).