RB1
How much energy does the incoming photon have during the photoelectric effect?
to dislodge an inner shell electron, the incoming photon must be able to transfer a quantity of energy as large, or larger, then the amount of energy that holds the electron in its orbit.
What does "M" stand for on a dose report?
monitoring device recorded an equivalent dose below minimum measurable radiation quantity.
What is Threshold?
the radiation dose level below which an individual is unlikely to sustain specific biologic damage.
What unit is Linear Energy Transfer (LET) expressed in?
kiloelectron volts per micrometer (keV/um)
what are the Long term effects of ionizing radiation
1. cataract formation
2. fibrosis
3. organ atrophy
4. loss of parenchymal cells
5. reduced fertility
6. sterility
What is an OSL Dosimeter made out of?
Aluminum, tin, and copper (aluminum oxide).
What are the benefits of helping patients understand the benefit of medical radiation.
1. Radiographers expectation if to help patient overcome a patients phobia so exam can be completed.
2. explain that the benefit outweighs the risk.
what is an example of threshold?
Skin erythema.
What is the purpose of LET?
1. helps explain the need for quality, or modifying factors
2. measures the rate of energies transferred from ionizing radiation.
What is: effects that are happening to the patient who is being irradiated
Somatic effects.
How is an OSL dosimeter read?
1. read using a laser
2. laser gets brighter in proportion to the amount of radiation detected.
If radiation damage is determined by dose, then ______?
The expectation is that patients will NOT receive a dose large enough to damage blood, or blood producing organs.
what is No-threshold?
Even small amounts of radiation can cause cancer.
What is Erythema?
Skin reddening.
what are some somatic effects?
1. skin redness
2. skin shedding
3. intestinal disorders
4. nausea
5. fatigue
6. hair loss
What does OSL stand for?
Optically Stimulated Luminescence
What are some factors that affect photoelectric absorption?
1. energy of the incident photon
2. atomic number of body part
3. mass density
4. body part thickness.
What is an example of No-threshold?
cancer.
What are the early tissue reaction?
1. outer layer skin shedding
2. erythema
3. nausea
4. fatigue
5. loss of hair
6. intestinal disorders
7. fever
8. blood disorders
What is: advocation for lowering pediatric patient dose in areas of radiology where adult doses and protocols were being administered?
Image Gently
What is the annual occupational dose amount?
50 mSv or 5 REM.
Chances of Photoelectric effect ________ as the energy of the photon ______ and the atomic number _______?
1. decreases
2. increases
3. increases.
What is: the amount of radiation transferred on average by incident radiation, to an object per unit length of track or passage through the object.
Linear Energy Transfer (LET).
What are the biologic effects of ionizing radiation?
1. molecular level
2. cellular level
3. organic level.
What unit is used to measure effective dose?
Millisieverts, REM, and sieverts.