E3
what is the maximum dose/monthly fetal dose of a radiation worker?
1. monthly EqD of 0.5 mSv per month
2. 5.0 mSv during pregnancy.
what is non-threshold dose?
any radiation has the capability of producing a biologic effect, no radiation dose is considered safe.
linear non-threshold for low to moderate dose levels is used for what?
regulatory purposes (radiation guidelines).
what organizations provide radiation protection standards?
1. ICRP
2. NCRP
3. UNSCEAR
4. NAS/NRC-BEIR
what is the latent period for cancer?
5-7 years.
what is the educational/training equivalent dose for skin, hands and feet?
50 mSv
what is the response in regard to a threshold dose?
above a safe dose, a response is seen.
What dose curve implies the chance of biologic response to ionizing radiation is directly proportional to the dose received?
linear non-threshold
What are the US regulatory agencies/radiation enforcement groups?
1. NRC
2. agreement states
3. EPA
4. FDA
5. OSHA
what were the pronounced health effects after Chernobyl?
increase in thyroid cancer in children where heaviest radioactive contamination occurred.
for students under the age of 18, what is there maximum annual dose?
1 mSv
what is the response in regard to a non-threshold dose?
linear, non-threshold dose implies that biologic response is directly proportional to dose.
what dose curve is generally employed in RAD therapy to demonstrate high dose cellular response. Indicated the existence of a threshold, curve dips at the end to demonstrate death of tissue or specimen?
sigmoid non-linear threshold.
what is the principle behind ALARA?
that radiation exposure should be kept as low as reasonably achievable with consideration for economic and societal factors.
what are some examples of measurable late biologic damage?
1. cataracts
2. leukemia
3. genetic mutations
what is a radiation workers cumulative dose equivalent limit?
the age of the technologist X 10 mSv
What is: a graphic representation of the relationship between the amount of radiation absorbed by a cell or organism (dose), and the amount of damage (response) seen?
D-R dose response.
What dose curve displays a more conservative dose response outcome for low dose, low let radiation. This curve is also more accurate with higher dose.
linear-quadratic.
what organization is responsible for ALARA?
NCRP
what agencies are responsible for enforcing radiation safety standards?
1.nuclear regulatory commission (NRC)
2.agreement states
3. environmental protection agency (EPA)
4. food and drug administration (FDA)
5.occupational safety and health administration (OSHA)
what is threshold dose?
a dose of radiation lower than which and individual has a negligible chance of sustaining specific biologic damage.
The D-R dose curve is either______ or _______, and depicts a __________ or a __________?
1.linear
2. non-linear
3. threshold dose
4. non-threshold dose.
what dose curve is proportion to the response?
linear response
what pathologies or conditions are generally categorized as stochastic effects?
cancer and genetic (hereditary) effects
what is the occupational risk for medical imaging?
considered safe compared to other occupations.