RAD PHYSICS.
What is Radiolucent?
a material that allows x-rays to pass through easily. air, soft tissue, some plastics.
What is a circuit?
Why is line compensation important?
Helps provide a more consistent x-ray beam by adjusting incoming power.
What is Attenuation?
What are the X-ray Properties?
1. H: Highly penetrating (electromagnetic radiation)
2. I: Ionize matter
3. P: Polyenergetic (varied energies and wavelengths)
4. F: Fluorescence (causes light emission with certain crystals)
5. A: Affect Film (photographic effect)
6. S: Straight lines (travels in straight line)
7. T: Travels at speed of light (3 x 10^8)
8. C: Cannot be focused
9. I: ionization and excitation (chemical and biological effects)
10. F: few heat effects (minimal head production)
11. S: scatter radiation (produces secondary radiation)
12. R: release heat ( small amounts of heat produced)
13. C: chemically and biologically change (through ionization and excitation)
14. T: travels in a vacuum.
What is Radiopaque?
Material or tissue that blocks or absorbs x-rays. Bone, metal, contrast agents.
What is Ionization?
Ionization is the process of removing or adding an electron from an atom.
What is the Autotransformer?
Iron core, one winding wire. Utilizes a single coil with multiple tapping points to adjust voltage.
What is High Frequency?
High frequency generator produce nearly constant voltage waveform. This improves image quality and reduces dose.
What is the energy of a photon?
Determined by the equation E= hf. Where "h" is Planck's constant and f is the frequency of the photon.
How does Ionization occur?
Occurs when high energy radiation interacts with matter.
What is the "Timing" of the Autotransformer?
Refers to the switching between different tap points on the coil to achieve desired voltage level.
List the Ripple Percentages.
1. Single-Phase Power: 100% voltage ripple.
2. Three-Phase 6-Pulse Power: 14% voltage ripple
3. Three-phase 12-Pulse Power: 4% voltage ripple
4. High Frequency: <1% voltage ripple.
How is the energy of a photon created?
When electron change energy levels or when charged particles are accelerated.
What are three parts/components of an x-ray system?
1.The x-ray tube (produces x-rays)
2.Control console (controls exposure settings)
3. High Voltage Generator (supplies power to the tube).
What is a Diode?
Electronic device that contains two electrodes
Rectifies AC from power supply into DC.
Diodes are needed to accomplish rectification.
What is Voltage Ripple?
Characterizing voltage waveforms. less voltage ripple results in greater radiation quantity and quality.
What is Electromagnetic Energy, and how does it occur?
Energy carried by electromagnetic waves, and it is generated by oscillating electric and magnetic fields.
What is Line compensation?
Measures voltage provided to the x-ray system and adjust that voltage to 220 volts.
What is Amplitude?
One half the range from crest to valley over which the sine wave varies.
What is Waveform?
Graphical representation of a signal's variation over time.
Depicts how voltage and electromagnetic field strength change as a function of time.