X-ray Tube
What type of tube did Wilhelm Roentgen use in his research and ultimately discovered x-rays with?
Crookes
What are the two types of x-rays that can be produced in the tube?
Bremsstrahlung and Characteristic
3 fundamental particles of an atom
Proton, electron, neutron
What is responsible for minimizing Coherent interactions from reaching the patient?
Filtration
Longest wavelength with least energy on the spectrum
Radio waves
What is the material that fluoresced after being exposed to x-rays in Roentgen’s studies?
Barium platinocyanide
What is considered all x-rays?
Bremsstrahlung
Atomic number is represented by what letter and made of what particle
Z, protons
What interaction is responsible for creating contrast in the image?
Photoelectric (PE)
Smallest form of electromagnetic radiation (2 names)
Quantum and photon
What is the name of the type of tube that is used today?
Coolidge
What is considered useful radiation, and what is its threshold keV?
Characteristic, 69.5 keV/kVp
Atomic mass unit (AMU) equation
protons + neutrons
What interaction is a result of the released binding energy of the innermost shell electron?
Photoelectric effect (PE)
Largest source of artificial radiation to general public
What type of generator would produce x-rays the most efficiently, utilizing nearly all its supplied power? What is the percentage of voltage ripple?
High frequency; <1%
What are the names of each spectrum that represent Bremsstrahlung and Characteristic and what are the keV thresholds of each?
Continuous (0) and discrete (69.5)
As the shells of an atom increase, the threshold to release K-shell binding energy ______.
Increases
2 parts: Which interaction is most responsible for creating fog on the image? What part of the atom results in this interaction?
Compton; outer shell electron
As wavelengths decrease, frequency and energy _______
Increases
What are the components that make up the source of electrons in a dual-focus tube? What is each of their materials?
Focusing cup: molybdenum or nickel, 2 filaments (small and large): thoriated tungsten
What happens to the spectrum when mAs is increased and kVp is increased?
Peak rises, and spectrum shifts to the right
Maximum number of electrons in the N shell of a tungsten atom?
2(4)^2 = 32 electrons
Which interaction with matter represents an annihilation reaction and its energy level?
Pair production; >1.02 MeV
Three types of natural radiation
Terrestrial, cosmic, and internal