Angles
What is the proper central ray angulation and entrance point for an RAO Oblique C-spine?
15-20 caudal, C4
THe bony structures connected directly to the vertebral body are the:
Pedicles
The zygapophyseal joints for the Thoracic spine lie at an angle of _____ in relation to the midsagittal plane?
70 to 75 degrees
The xiphoid process corresponds to the vertebral level of:
T9-10
Which pathologic condition is defined as "a condition of the spine characterized by rigidity of a vertebral joint"?
Spondylosis
Which type of CR angulation is required for the AP Axial projection for the cervical spine?
15-20 degrees cephalic
The AP Axial vertebral arch projection may be performed to better demonstrate the:
Vertebral arch or articular pillars of C4-7
Which position or projection of the cervical spine will best demonstrate the zygapophyseal joint spaces between C1 and C2?
AP open mouth
T2-3 intervertebral disk space is found at the level of the:
jugular notch
A radiograph of an AP open mouth projection of the cervical spine reveals that the zygapophyseal joints are not symmetric. No fracture or subluxation is present. Which positioning error most likely led to this radio graphic outcome?
Rotation of the spine side to side
What type of CR angle is recommended when performing the AP axial projection for a patient with kyphosis of the cervical spine? (angle and direction)
20 degrees cephalic
Which projection will project the dens within the shadow of the foraman magnum?
Fuchs
Which projection will best demonstrate the C4-5 zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine?
Lateral
Which imaging modality will best demonstrate a herniated nucleus pulposus in the cervical spine?
MRI
A radiograph of an AP axial projection of the cervical spine reveals that the intervertebral joints are not open. The following analog factors were used for this projection: 5 degrees cephalic angle, 40 inch Sid, grid, slight extension of the skull, and the CR centered to the thyroid cartilage. Which of the following modifications should be made during the repeat exposure?
Increase CR angle to 15-20 cephalic
What average degree of rotation required to demonstrate the L3-4 zygapophyseal joints is:
45
A patient enters the ED with a cervical spine injury as a result of a fall. The initial horizontal beam lateral projection reveals no subluxation or fracture. The ED physician is concerned about a whiplash injury. Which spine images would be most helpful in diagnosing this type of injury?
Flexion and extension
The zygapophyoseal joints of the upper lumbar vertebrae are ______ degrees in relationship to the mid sagittal plane.
50
Which vertebral structure is located at the level of the ASIS?
S1-2 (sacral segments)
For an average size adult, which of the following would receive the highest skin dose?
AP wagging jaw cervical spine, 3-second exposure
AP thoracic spine
Lateral cervical spine at 72 SID
Lateral thoracic spine
Lateral thoracic spine
What type of CR angulation is required for an AP axial projection of the coccyx?
10 degrees caudal
The anterior projecting Bony process of the sacrum that forms part of the inlet of the true pelvis is the:
Promontory of the sacrum
What is the joint classification of the zygapophyseal joints?
Synovial/diarthrodial
Radiographs of oblique projections of the SI joints do not clearly demonstrate the inferior/distal aspects of the joints. What can the technologists do to better demonstrate this region?
Angle the CR 15 to 20° cephalic
Which projection will best demonstrate A compression fracture of the thoracic spine?
Lateral