Photon Interaction Basics
Coefficients
Photon Interactions
Neutrons, Protons and Other Heavy Particle Interactions
Big Doses of Oddities
100

Ionization and ___ results in energy transfer.

What is excitation?

100

You need to know this physical quantity in order to convert linear attenuation coefficient to mass attenuation coefficients.

Don't be so dense.

What is the density?

100

For the photoelectric effect, the mass attenuation is proportional to (Z/E)? to this power.

What is 3 (or cubic)?

100

Heavy particles have a higher rate of energy loss per unit distance partly due to these 2 physical properties the particles have.


That is stuff is electric!

What are mass and charge?

100

Not a narrow beam attenuation, but a __ beam attenuation.

What is a broad beam?

200

Electrons, protons, and alpha particles are know as these types of ionizing radiation.

Don't be indirect in your answer.

What is directly ionizing radiation?

200

The atomic attenuation coefficient requires knowledge of the number of atoms, No, the (mass) attenuation coefficient, and this.

Don't sleep on me bro.

What is the atomic number, Z?

200

This is a rare kind of photon interaction, like pair-production, but requires a higher minimum threshold photon energy and creates 3 particles.

What is triplet production?

200

Dose from neutrons are primarily due to recoiling protons from hydrogen and recoiling heavy nuclei from other elements, and these types of disintegrations.

What are nuclear disintegrations?

200

The photon energy of annihilation radiation from pair production.

What is 0.511 MeV?

300

A type of indirect ionizing radiation that emanates from clinical linear accelerators AFTER the target and flattening filter beam.

What are photons?

300

For a photon beam traversing a material, the fraction of photon energy transferred into kinetic energy of charged particles per unit thickness of absorber is given by what kind of energy [?] coefficient?

What is the energy TRANSFER coefficient?

300

This describes the kind of photons that leave the interaction site after a photoelectric interaction.

Be discrete with your answer.

What are mono-energetic photons?

300

As proton beam energy increases, so does the location of this. 

Don't be shy.

What is the depth of the Bragg peak?

300

This type of photon interaction has a 'sweet spot' or peaks ~30 keV to ~30 MeV in water.

What are Compton interactions?

400

The fluence rate is the ratio of fluence and what?

What is the time? 

dN / dt

400

The energy absorption coefficient and energy transfer coefficient are different by this factor.

You are loosing your glow, my friend.

What is the fractional loss in energy due to radiative losses?

400

This number is the minimum energy of a photon to interact via pair production.

What is 1.02 MeV?

400

Protons are about as heavy as these other nuclear particles.


What are neutrons?

400

Arthur was his first name. He won a Nobel prize.


NWA is Straight Outta here.

Who is Compton?

500

This is what happens to the half value layer estimate if the absorber thickness increases and beam becomes more penetrating.

What is get larger / beam hardening?

(i.e., HVL (thin absorber) < HVL (thicker absorber) )

500

Coherent scattering is also known as this, named after a famous physicist.

What is Rayleigh Scattering?

500

Of Rayleigh/Coherent, photoelectric, Compton, and pair production, this type of interaction does not contribute to dose.

What is Rayleigh/Coherent scattering?

500

Lead is an efficient absorber of photons, but NOT an efficient absorber of these particles.

The answer is free of charge.

What are neutrons?

500

The effective atomic number of water.

What is Zeff water=7.51?