DNA & RNA
Where is the DNA located?
Where is the RNA located?
1. Nucleus
2. Nucleolus
What is the process by which somatic cells divide?
Mitosis
Which elements combine to form 80-85% of the human body?
Hydrogen and oxygen
If ionizing radiation damages the cells beyond repair, what two things can happen?
Function abnormally or die
_____ are the basic units of heredity.
Genes
What is known as our "master chemical"?
DNA
How do genetic cells divide?
Meiosis
Where does protein synthesis occur in the human cell?
Ribosomes
Cells with a high mitotic rate will be:
Highly radio-sensitive
Locating and identifying the genes in the human genome is called _____
Mapping
What directly synthesizes proteins?
RNA
Tell me in order the 4 subphases of mitosis:
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Where do the metabolic functions of a cell take place?
Cytoplasm
What phase of the cell cycle is most radiosensitive?
Metaphase
What is known as the total amount of genetic material in the 46 chromosomes of a human?
Human genome
The steps (rungs) of the DNA ladder consist of complementary chemicals formed by what?
Hint* Their sequence pairing determines the characteristics of all living things.
Pairs of nitrogenous bases
What is the correct order for the four distinct phases of the cellular life cycle?
G1
S
G2
Mitosis
What are the four organic compounds?
What element makes them organic?
Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids
They contain CARBON
What is radiobiology?
The study of the effects of ionizing radiation on biological tissue.
How many base pairs are "mapped" in the human genome?
2.9 billion
Cellular nucleic acids that are important to human metabolism are?
DNA and RNA
When a cell is not undergoing mitosis or meiosis, what phase is it in?
Interphase
Which basic cell component controls all the biochemical reactions that occur within the cell, as well as cell division?
Nucleus
What is the most radiosensitive target molecule in the human cell?
DNA
How many genes are in all 46 chromosomes in human beings?
Approximately 30,000