x-ray basics
Where electrons strike to produce x-rays.
anode (tungsten target)
Principle that keeps radiation as low as possible.
ALARA
Higher kVp results in this type of contrast.
low contrast (more gray)
Film speed refers to this
amount of radiation needed
Too flat vertical angulation causes this.
elongation
Percentage of energy converted to x-rays.
less than 1%
Required protection for ALL patients.
lead apron and thyroid collar
Lower kVp produces this.
high contrast
Intraoral film is placed where
inside the mouth
Beam must pass through this
interproximal contacts
What happens to the remaining 99% of energy
converted to heat
Minimum safe distance from x-ray unit
6 feet
Longer source-film distance causes this.
lighter image
Extraoral film is used for this
large areas (jaws/head)
Movement during exposure causes this
blurred image
Device that removes long wavelength x-rays.
aluminum filter
Safest position for operator if no barrier.
standing at a right angle to the beam
Overdeveloped films appear this way.
too dark
Panoramic radiograph shows this.
entire upper and lower jaws
Beam not centered causes this error.
cone cut
This shapes and restricts the x-ray beam.
collimator
Guideline for x-rays during pregnancy.
no change needed with proper shielding
Light leaks in darkroom cause this error
film fog
Number of films in full mouth series.
18–20 films
Average number of bitewings in FMX.
4