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Crim Case
Crim Case IV
Crim Case II
Crim Case V
Crim Case III
100
plea bargaining is legal as long as an attorney is present to protect the defendant's rights, the plea is voluntarily made, and the defendant has a full knowledge of the consequences
What is Brady VS U.S.
100
a search cannot be exploratory, it cannot be unreasonable, and it cannot shock the conscience
What is Rochin VS California
100
defendants have the right to trial by jury if the potential sentence is more than six months of incarceration (see also Baldwin v New York)
What is Duncan VS Louisiana
100
evidence seized by reasonably well- trained officers acting in good faith, is admissible, even if the seizure technically violated the law
What is U.S. VS Leon
100
if consent to search is given by someone who does not have the authority to do so, but the police reasonably believed they did, the evidence is still admissible in court
What is Illinois VS Rodriguez
200
police may stop and search a potentially mobile motor vehicle without a warrant if there is probable cause to believe that the vehicle is carrying individuals or articles that offend the law
What is Carroll VS U.S.
200
defendants have no Constitutional right to waive a jury trial
What is Singer VS U.S.
200
evidence that is unlawfully seized by any official cannot be used in federal court; the exclusionary rule is applied to the federal courts
What is Elkins VS U.S.
200
if there is probable cause to believe that a potentially mobile motor vehicle is carrying individuals or articles that offend the law, an officer may stop that vehicle and search every occupant of the vehicle, every part of the vehicle, and all of the contents found in the vehicle without a warrant, but, a ROSS-type search is justified only if probable cause arises regarding a non-traffic offense violation
What is U.S. VS Ross
200
evidence unlawfully seized is inadmissible in court
What is Mapp VS Ohio
300
a vehicle that has been impounded by police officials can be searched in its entirety; all items found in the vehicle, include closed and locked items, may also searched
What is Colorado VS Bertine
300
bail may be denied if there is probable cause to believe that defendants will fail to appear at future judicial proceedings
What is Stack VS Boyle
300
randomized consent searches of individuals who are on public transportation is acceptable, even though such searches carry some degree of implied coercion and are not truly voluntary; the governing test is whether a reasonable person feels free to decline an officer's request to search
What is Florida VS Bostick
300
bail may be denied if there is clear and convincing evidence that defendant are dangerous and pose a threat to the community at large and the court participants in particular
What is U.S. VS Salerno
300
officers may search the suspect and the adjoining space region incident to a lawful arrest; if there is reasonable suspicion to believe that there is hidden danger present, officers may conduct a protective sweep of the area, but it is only to be a cursory search for people and may last no longer than it takes to dispel the reasonable suspicion of danger
What is Maryland VS Buie
400
the 2nd Amendment protects the right of individuals to possess a firearm for personal use; specifically, there is a Constitutional right to keep a handgun in the home for self defense
What is D.C. VS Heller
400
bail bond agents may use physical force to apprehend and subsequently hold and transport their bondees who have skipped bail, as long as the force used is reasonably related to the custody and/or transportation of the bondees
What is Taylor VS Taintor
400
if the officer is legally present, the offending objects are in plain view, and the incriminating nature is readily apparent, the items may be seized without a warrant
What is Harris VS U.S.
400
evidence illegally seized by a federal official cannot be used in federal court
What is Weeks VS U.S.
400
evidence seized by reasonably well- trained officers acting in good faith, is admissible, even if the seizure technically violated the law
What is Massachusetts VS Sheppard
500
police may conduct brief, scientifically random/systemic, “suspicionless” searches of motorists at fixed roadside checkpoints
What is Delaware VS Prouse
500
illegally seized evidence can be used to impeach a witness who takes the stand during a trial
What is U.S. VS Havens
500
taken piecemeal, the evidence may not amount to probable cause, but if taken together as a whole the evidence achieves that level, the legal standard of proof for the search has been met
What is Illinois VS Gates
500
even when armed with a warrant, the police generally must "knock and announce" before entering a home
What is Wilson VS Arkansas
500
inevitable discovery exemption - evidence that was illegally seized may be used in court if it can be shown that it would have inevitably been discovered
What is Nix VS Williams