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100

the highest energy level of photons in the x-ray beam, equal to the highest voltage established across the x-ray tube

What is kVp?

100

the product of electron tube current and the amount of time in seconds that the x-ray tube is activated

What is mAs?

100

photons that sometimes interact with atoms of a patient such that they give up all of their energy and cease to exist

What is absorption?

100

two materials that comprise the anode

What are tungsten and rhenium?

100

atomic number of tungsten

What is 74?

200

the 3 ways x-rays interact with biologic tissue

What is absorbed, scattered, and pass through without interaction?

200

produced when a stream of very energetic electrons bombards a positively charged target in a highly evacuated glass tube

What is a diagnostic x-ray beam?

200

photons that interact with atoms of the patient but only surrender part of their energy; they will continue to exist but will emerge from the interaction at a different angle

What is scatter?

200

two reasons tungsten and rhenium are chosen for anode

What are they have high melting points and high atomic numbers?

200

particles associated with electromagnetic radiation that have neither mass nor electric charge and travel at the speed of light

What are photons?

300

In the tube, this acts as a filter by removing diagnostically useless, very-low-energy x-rays; x-ray beam exits the tube through this

What is the glass window?

300

Material placed within the collimator assembly to intercept the emerging x-rays before they reach the patient; this material “hardens” the x-ray beam (i.e., raises its effective energy) by removing low-energy components that would serve only to increase patient dose

What is aluminum? 

300

combination of the x-ray tube glass window and the added aluminum placed within the collimator

What is inherent filtration?

300

digital device that can convert the spatial pattern of the photons that emerge from the patient into electrical signal values that can be stored in a computer and displayed as an image

What is an image receptor?

300

amount of energy absorbed per unit mass

What is absorbed dose?

400

For a typical diagnostic x-ray unit, the mean photon energy in the x-ray beam is about ___________ the energy of the most energetic photon

What is one-third?

400

photons that either did not interact with the atoms of the patient or else interacted through scatter but still struck the receptor, although at a different spot than they would have struck the image receptor if they had not interacted

What are transmitted photons?

400

photons that have undergone either absorption or scatter and do not strike the image receptor

What is attenuation?

400

photons pass through the patient without interacting with the atoms of the patient

What are direct transmission photons?

400

photons that interacted with atoms of the patient, but still happened to strike the image receptor

What are indirect transmission photons?

500

Indirect transmission photons are always the result of scatter: Yes or No?

What is Yes?

500

Indirect transmission photons are always present in radiography: Yes or No?

What is Yes?

500

X-ray photons after exiting the tube and before interacting with human tissue

What is primary radiation?

500

X-ray photons exiting the patient and striking the image receptor

What is exit (image-formation) radiation?

500

any process decreasing the intensity of the primary photon beam; refers to both absorption and scatter processes that prevent photons from reaching a predefined location

What is attenuation?