Johnson Era
What event officially began the Reconstruction period in 1865?
The assassination of Abraham Lincoln in April 1865, which led to Andrew Johnson becoming president and beginning Reconstruction.
What economic system replaced slavery for many freedmen after land was taken back from them?
Sharecropping
Which political group pushed for stronger protections for freedmen?
Radical Republicans
Explain why Congress placed the South under martial law, and how this changed Reconstruction compared to Johnson’s plan.
Oh no....A compromise was made to remove federal troops. Lose half your points.
What was Field Order No. 15, and who issued it?
Field Order No. 15 was issued by General William Tecumseh Sherman. It gave freed slaves 40-acre plots of confiscated Confederate land along the coast of Georgia and the Carolinas.
What were Black Codes, and what was their main purpose?
Oh no....laws are being enforced to restrict the freedoms of 6th graders. lose 200 points
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1866 attempt to overturn?
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 attempted to overturn the Black Codes and protect the civil rights of freedmen.
Who led the KKK during Reconstruction, and why was he chosen?
KKK bandits have terrorized the classroom. Lose 200 points
What was the purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau, and name two services it provided.
Oh no!!!! A Johnson Veto. Lose 300 points
How did vagrancy laws and convict leasing function as “slavery by another name”?
Vagrancy laws jailed unemployed Black people, who were then forced into convict leasing, working for little or no pay. This system kept them trapped in forced labor similar to slavery.
What did the 14th Amendment guarantee? Name two clauses.
The 14th Amendment guaranteed citizenship, due process, and equal protection under the law, overturning the Dred Scott decision.
What law allowed President Grant to suspend habeas corpus to stop Klan violence?
The Ku Klux Klan was formed to oppose Radical Reconstruction and Black political rights.
Why did Andrew Johnson issue the Amnesty Proclamation, and what effect did it have on Southern leadership?
Johnson’s Amnesty Proclamation pardoned most former Confederates and allowed them to regain property and political power. This let former rebels return to government, including Congress, and reduced protections for freedmen.
Name two ways white supremacist groups tried to stop African Americans from voting.
White supremacist groups used violence, threats, lynching, destruction of property, and voter intimidation to stop African Americans from voting.
How did the 15th Amendment change Southern politics, and why did white Southerners strongly oppose it?
The 15th Amendment gave African American men the right to vote. White Southerners opposed it because it threatened white political control and allowed Black Americans to hold office.
Why did Grant remain popular with voters despite scandals in his administration?
Grant remained popular because he was a Civil War hero, supported civil rights, helped suppress the KKK, and many Americans valued stability over scandal.
Explain how Johnson’s Reconstruction policies directly led to the rise of sharecropping and Black Codes.
Johnson returned land to former planters, leaving freedmen without land. This forced many into sharecropping, where they worked land they did not own and fell into debt. Southern governments then passed Black Codes to control freedmen, limiting their freedom and rights.
Using specific examples, explain how Southern laws and violence worked together to limit freedom for African Americans during Reconstruction.
Mr. Mount is annoyed with the behavior of the class. everyone loses 300 points
Explain why Congress placed the South under martial law, and how this changed Reconstruction compared to Johnson’s plan.
Congress placed the South under martial law because Southern governments refused to protect freedmen. Union troops enforced laws, supervised elections, and ensured new state constitutions followed federal rules.
Explain how the Election of 1876 and the Compromise of 1877 led to the end of Reconstruction.
The disputed Election of 1876 led to the Compromise of 1877, where Hayes became president in exchange for removing federal troops from the South. This ended Reconstruction and allowed Southern Democrats to regain control.