What was that drug again?
Daily Double
What do you Bet?
What ABX is used to treat most bacterial infections from bite wounds?
Penicillin G
What MAB (directed against Alpha-4Integrin) that is used to treat MS can cause Reactivation of John-Cunningham virus leading to Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy?
Natalizumab
Human Botulism Immunoglobulin is a mainstay for treating Infant Botulism. What treatment, used to treat other forms of Botulism, is absolutely contraindicated in infant botulism?
Antibiotics
What is the mechanism of action for Donepezil,
Galantamine, & Rivastigmine - which are used to treat short term memory loss from Alzheimer's and other diseases?
Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Daily Double
What do you bet?
What drug is used for Chronic Management of Myasthenia Gravis?
Pyridostigmine - a cholinesterase inhibitor.
What cholinesterase inhibitor carries the risk of GI symptoms due to it's inhibition of not just acetylcholinesterase but also
butyrylcholinesterase, which is a non-specific cholinesterase throughout the body?
Rivastigmine
What can happen if Levodopa is administered with an MAO-A Inihibitor?
What is the mechanism of action of memantine?
NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist (a noncompetitive inhibitor)
It does not however block physiological levels of glutamate release, so neurons can still fire.
What is the primary drug used for Hyperosmolar Therapy (lowering intracranial pressure)?
Mannitol, an osmotic diurectic
What drug combo is used to treat Toxoplasmosis?
Pyrimethamine and Sulfadiazine
What side effect can occur when taking large doses of Ergot Alkaloids (Dopamine Agonists) like Bromocriptine?
Hallucinations
What AED absolutely cannot be used to treat Partial Onset Seizures? (in fact this drug is only used to treat Absence Seizures)
Ethosuximide
How do the Quinine Drugs (used to treat Malaria) work?
Prevent crystallization of Heme.
Heme is toxic to Plasmodium
This AED carries the risk of causing facial coarsening and hirsutism?
Phenytoin
What is the ABX is most commonly used to treat Meningitis due to Neisseria Meningitidis, as well as Neuroinvasive Lyme Disease?
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
What AED can cause fertility problems due to its potential for causing PCOS (Polycystic ovarian syndrome)?
Valproate
Name any of the 4 classes of drugs that are shown to decrease REM sleep.
(1) Alcohol
(2) Benzos
(3) Barbituates
(3) Antihistamines (when used chronically)
What is the mechanism by which the following drugs serve as anti-epileptics?
Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine, Oxcarbazepine, Eslicarbazepine, Felbamate, Topiramate?
Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Modulators
What drug is used for Prophylaxis of patients exposed to Meningococcus?
Rifampin
What ABX is used to treat most all Rickettsial Infections as well as most cases of Lyme Disease?
Doxycycline
What anesthetic is most likely to cause Malignant Hyperthemia?
Succinylcholine
What AED is contraindicated in a patient with Glaucoma due to it's potential to lead to blindness?
Topiramate
What is the mechanism of action of Tretinoin, a medication used to treat Comedones (Black/White Heads)?
Topical lipid drying retinoid
P. Acnes needs lipid for it's growth, by drying skin of lipid it starves the bacteria helps treat the infection.
What drug is used to treat Cryptosporidium infections in immunocompromised patients?
Nitazoxanide
All childhood onset dystonia gets what treatment trial?
Dopamine Therapy (Carbidopa/Levodopa)
What medication, used to "permanently cure acne" caries the risk of severe side effects, ranging from arthralgias to severe depression/suicidality?
Isotretinoin (Accutane)
What Parkinson's drug is contraindicated in a patient with liver disease due to it's Hepatotoxicity?
Tolcapone
What is the mechanism of action of Teriflunomide? (used to treat MS)
Inhibits Pyrimidine de novo synthesis via blocking dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
Benzodiazepines are commonly used in anaesthesia now a days. What is the fastest acting benzo that is used clinically for sedation?
Midazolam (Versed)
What is the drug class of choice for treating migraines?
Triptans (agonists for serotonin 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D)
EX: Sumatriptan
What is the major side effect associated with Levetiracetam, an extremely common pediatric AED?
Irritability/mood disorder exacerbation
What anaesthetic should one be most hesitant to use in a patient with heart problems due to it carrying the highest risk of cardiac toxicity?
Bupivacaine
What is the mechanism of action for the antiviral used to treat Lassa and other Arenaviral infections?
Ribavirin, which is a nucleoside inhibitor. It stops viral RNA synthesis and viral mRNA capping.
What drug may be used to kill clostridium tetani in severe cases of acute tetanus?
HINT* this is the same drug often used to treat severe cases of Clostridium Difficile as well.
Metronidazole
What is the pharmacological treatment of Buruli Ulcer Disease?
8 Weeks of Rifampin + Streptomycin/Ciprofloxacin
What Parkinson's Drugs can have the side effect of causing the patient to compulsively gamble?
Pramipexole and Ripinirole,
which are Non-Ergot Dopamine Agonists
What AED is contraindicated with Erythromycin because the ABX inhibits the drugs metabolism?
Carbamazepine
What is the mechanism of action for the Parkinson's Drugs Entacapone & Tolcapone?
Inhibit COMT, reduce peripheral metabolism of LevoDopa increasing Levodopa reaching the CNS
Prilocaine & Benzocaine carry the risk of causing Methhemoglobinemia. What is used to treat this condition should it arise?
Methylene Blue
What drug can rapidly resolve myasthenic crisis?
Edrophonium (Tensilon)
-an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
What anaesthetic carrys the risk of Adrenal Suppresion and should not be used in patients that are very ill?
Etomidate
What inhalation agent diffuses rapidly into air containing spaces and may worsen conditions like pneumothorax & Pneumocephaly?
Nitrous Oxide
What is the mechanism by which the following drugs serve as anti-epileptics?
Benzodiazepines (Diazepam, Clobazam, Lorazepam, Clonazepam, Clorazepate)
Barbituates (Phenobarbital, primidone, ect)
Tiagabine, Vigabatrin
GABA Receptor Modulators
What two anaesthetics are often administered together because they have amplify the effects of one another?
Mepivacaine
&
Bupivacaine
What the definitive therapy for Malignant Hyperthemia?
Dantrolene (a calcium channel blocker that targets RYR (Ryanodine Receptor)
Which is administered with Mannitol and Sodium Bicarb
What 2 Parkinson's Drugs carry the risk of causing Livedo Reticularis, a network-patterned discoloration of the skin caused by dilation of capillaries and venules. (Looks like purple spider veins, most often seen on legs)?
(1) Amantadine
(2) Apomorphine
What 3 drugs are contraindicated in a patient on Selegeline (an MAO-B inhibitor used to treat Parkinson's Disease)?
(1) Meperidine (Demerol)
(2) Tricyclic Antidepressants (Amitriptyline)
(3) Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors (SSRIs, SNRIs, ect)
What is mechanism of action of Fingolomod? (used to treat MS)
Blocks Sphingosine-1-phosphate