Random Lower Leg Anatomy

Foot Bones

100

what comprises the rear foot?

talus & calcaneus

200

what comprises the mid foot

cuneiform, navicular, cuboid

300

what comprises the forefoot

metatarsals/phalanges

400

how many tarsals make up the foot? what are they?

7

talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, cuneiform (medial, intermediate, lateral)

500

what is considered midline of the foot

second toe

Ankle Ligaments

100

what makes up the deltoid ligament? around which malleolus?

anterior tibiotalar

posterior tibiotalar

tibionavicular

tibiocalcanean

*medial malleolus*

200

which ligament is injured with a high ankle sprain

anterior tibiofibular

300

-calaneus to the cuboid

-tunnel for passage of fibularis longus

-supports longitudinal arch of the foot

long plantar

400

-sustentaculum tali to the posteroinferior surface of the navicular

-maintains longitudinal arch of the foot and supports the head of the talus

spring ligament

500

-thick, fairly strong band that runs from the talus to the lateral malleolus

-most important ligament, or most often injured

posterior talofibular

Foot/Ankle Injuries

100

deltoid avulsion of medial M, shift laterally then fx lateral M

-severe everison

Pott's Fx

200

-Fx at metatarsal 5

-inversion of ankle/ direct blow

jones fx

300

1. due to flat feet

2. due to high arches

1. pes planus

2. pes cavus

400

plantar nerve compression between MT

-tight shoes, overuse, trauma

Mortin's Neruoma

500

1. DIP deformity =flexed DIP

2. Ext app: terminal tendon = flexed DIP

3. volar plate & ext app = hyperext MTP, flex PIP

1. claw toe

2. mallet toe

3. hammer toe

Knee

100

softening of the posterior cartilage of the knee which causes anterior knee pain in some folks

chondromalacia of patella

200

unhappy triad

ACL, MCL, medial meniscus

300

1. prevents knee hyper extension. what kind of test?

2. prevents knee hyperflexion. what kind of test?

1. ACL > anterior drawer

2. PCL > posterior drawer

400

lateral blow to the knee will likely tear this

MCL

500

name the 4 major knee ligaments

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

Lateral Collateral Ligament

Medial Collateral Ligament

lower leg

100

pathological increase in intercompartmental pressure = medical emergency

compartment syndrome

200

repetitive microtrauma to periosteum and the tibialias anterior & tibialis posterior = due to overuse

Lateral/Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (shin splints)

300

high ankle sprain involving the rupture of anterior tibiofibular, posterior tibiofibular, interosseous membrane

syndesmosis sprain

400

non weight bearing bone in the lower leg

fibula (2% of body weight)

500

second largest bone in the body

tibia