Breathing
What stimulates a healthy person to breathe?
A) a rise in levels in carbon dioxide
B) a fall in PH level
C) a drop in SpO2
D) DKA
A - a rise in CO2
What is the MOST important reason we give nitroglycerin to a patient with chest pain?
A) to reduce their blood pressure
B) to relieve chest pain
C) to dilate vessels, increasing blood circulation to the heart
D) to thin the blood to improve blood circulation
C - vasodilator, increases/improves circulation
What does bradycardia in an infant indicate?
A) compensated shock
B) meconium
C) hypoxia and impending cardiac arrest
D) hypothermia
C - hypoxia and impending cardiac arrest
A) open book pelvis fracture
B) hip fracture
C)distal open femur fracture
D) mid-shaft femur fracture
D - mid shaft femur fracture
What is your FIRST treatment for a patient who becomes unresponsive?
A) assess for breathing & palpate carotid pulse for no more than 10 seconds
B) palpate radial pulse for 5-10 seconds
C) start CPR
D) check blood sugar
A - at same time, check for breathing and carotid pulse
Best treatment for unresponsive patient with adequate breathing but low SpO2?
A) High flow O2 NRB
B) Assist ventilations with BVM
C) Position patient in recovery position
D) 2L O2 NC
A - high flow O2 NRB
What is the benefit of a metered-dose-inhaler?
A) To calm patient
B) Provide vasoconstriction
C) Provide bronchodilation
D) Raise patients blood pressure
C - bronchodilation
What is the correct treatment for a neonate with a pulse of less than 60bpm?
A) CPR
B) tactile stimulation
C) high flow O2
D) suction nose & mouth
A - CPR
What is the most critical concern with a lightning strike victim?
A) burn injuries
B) loss of consciousness
C) shortness of breath
D) cardiac arrhythmia or cardiac arrest
D - cardiac issues/cardiac arrest
Which is TRUE about AEDs?
A) AEDs can NOT be used on pts with internal pacemakers
B) AEDs are unable to determine pulselessness
C) AEDs are only used on adults
D) AEDs do not reanalyze heart rhythms once applied
B - AEDs do not determine pulselessness
Which is the earliest sign of respiratory distress?
A) poor skin color
B) anxiety or decreased LOC
C) increased CAP refill time
D) bradypnea
B - anxiety or decreased LOC
What is the dose of epinephrine in an Epi-pen for an adult and a child?
A) 0.3mg & 0.3mg
B) 0.3mg & 0.15mg
C) 0.15 mg & 1mg
D) 0.5mg & 0.15mg
B - 0.3mg & 0.15mg
Which complication is MOST likely to occur in the FIRST trimester of pregnancy?
A) abruptio placenta
B) nuchal cord
C) spontaneous abortion
D) eclampsia
C - miscarriage
Which blast injury would be consistent with burns suffered from an explosion inside a factory?
A) primary blast injury
B) secondary blast injury
C) tertiary blast injury
D) quaternary blast injury
D - quaternary blast injury (burns, suffocation, poisoning, crush injuries, etc)
What is the main importance of GOOD airway management during CPR?
A) to help resume spontaneous breathing
B) to help eliminate toxic gases
C) to help eliminate ventricular fibrillation
D) to improve ventilation & reduce gastric distention
D - improve ventilation & reduce gastric distention
What is correct term for the gas exchange between alveoli and pulmonary capillaries?
A) external respiration
B) cellular respiration
C) internal respiration
D) hypoxic drive
A - external respiration (pulmonary respiration)
What is a contraindication for nitrogylcerin administration?
A) headache
B) hypertension
C) tachypnea
D) hypotension
D - hypotension
What is the main reason we transport pregnant patients on the their left side?
A) to help reduce risk of vomiting & aspiration
B) to help reduce risk of supine hypotensive syndrome
C) to keep patient the most comfortable
D) to help prevent eclampsia
B - supine hypotensive syndrome
(hypotension caused by the uterus compressing on the inferior vena cava)
Why does the patient with a major head injury usually have increased systolic blood pressure?
A) peripheral vessels constrict to send more blood to the brain
B) peripheral vessels dilate to prevent shock
C) its a normal response from sympathetic nervous system
D) the patient is usually anxious
A - Cushings triad (or Cushings reflex)
(HTN, bradycardia, & irregular respirations)
What is the proper treatment for an infant that is choking but is still responsive?
A) Heimlich maneuver
B) 5 back slaps & 2 rescue breaths
C) 5 back slaps & 5 chest thrusts
D) CPR
C - back slaps & chest thrusts
What is the medical term for reduced oxygen levels in the blood?
A) hypoxia
B) ischemia
C) hypoxemia
D) hypocarbia
C - hypoxemia
(hypoxia is low O2 levels in the tissues/cellular level)
What would be your BEST treatment for a pediatric patient with a seal-bark cough?
A) nebulizer treatment
B) tylenol
C) humidified high flow O2
D) high flow O2 with bag valve mask
C - humidified O2 (croup)
Which sign is an early sign of hypoxia or shock in the pediatric patient?
A) bradypnea
B) bradycardia
C) tachycardia
D) altered LOC
C - tachycardia (all other signs are decompensated shock/impending arrest)
Which injury would you MOST suspect in a trauma patient that presents with "belly breathing"?
A) cardiac contusion
B) spinal cord injury
C) full thickness burns to abdomen
D) subdural hematoma
B - "diaphragmatic breathing" (cervical injuries can paralyze diaphragm
On which patient would you most likely NOT do CPR on?
A) 84 year old, witnessed collapse, pulseless
B) 3 year old found at bottom of pool, not breathing
C) 20 year old found by family in bed with dependent lividity present
D) 35 year old, cold & stiff, found in snowbank
C - "livor mortis" - pooling of blood (downtime too long)